Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Oligomeric states of microbial rhodopsins determined by high-speed atomic force microscopy and circular dichroic spectroscopy

Figure 4

Oligomeric states of microbial rhodopsins from eubacteria. (left panels) Typical HS-AFM images of (a) GR, (b) FR, (c) KrActR, (d) QsActR and (e) GPR, reconstituted in the lipids. Frame rate, 1 fps. The average numbers of oligomers observed in the lipid particles were (GR) 45.4 ± 29.1 (mean ± s.d. for 409 pentamers in 9 lipids), (FR) 46.0 ± 19.3 (mean ± s.d. for 414 pentamers in 9 lipids), (KrActR) 22.6 ± 14.6 (mean ± s.d. for 317 pentamers in 14 lipids), (QsActR) 25.0 ± 18.2 (mean ± s.d. for 150 pentamers in 6 lipids), (GPR) 32.6 ± 14.0 (mean ± s.d. for 424 pentamers/hexamers in 13 lipids). Broken circles on the images indicate round-ring pentamers. A white arrow in the left panel of (a) indicates the star-like arrangement of the GR pentamer. Cyan and magenta arrows in (e) indicate the pentamer and the hexamer of GPR, respectively. (middle panels) Magnified views of round-ring oligomers for each eubacterial rhodopsin are shown with the number of subunits (1–6). (right panels) CD spectra of (a) GR, (b) FR, (c) KrActR, (d) QsActR and (e) GPR reconstituted in the lipids (solid lines) and solubilized in DDM (dotted lines).

Back to article page