Table 1 Characteristics of the included study.
Study | Disease | Region | Publication | Study Design | Setting | Mean age (year) | Male ratio | Time span (year) | sample | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anderson RL32 | strabismus | USA | 1980 | cross-sectional study | hospital-based | NA | NA | 3 | 113 | 8 |
Anderson RL14 | amblyopia | USA | 1980 | cross-sectional study | hospital-based | NA | NA | 3 | 123 | 8 |
Griepentrog GJ15 | amblyopia | USA | 2013 | retrospective study | population-based | 1.3 | 1.29 | 40 | 96 | 7 |
Griepentrog GJ33 | strabismus | USA | 2014 | retrospective study | population-based | 1.3 | 1.29 | 40 | 96 | 7 |
Berry-Brincat A5 | amblyopia strabismus refractive errors | UK | 2009 | retrospective study | hospital-based | 3.91 | 1.5 | 10 | 155 155 155 | 8 |
Dray JP16 | amblyopia | France | 2002 | retrospective study | hospital-based | NA | NA | 12 | 130 | 6 |
Gautam P17 | amblyopia | Nepal | 2016 | retrospective study | hospital-based | 23 | NA | 2 | 170 | 4 |
Júnior G34 | strabismus | Brasil | 2011 | cross-sectional study | hospital-based | 7.2 | 2 | 10 | 42 | 4 |
Harrad RA18 | amblyopia strabismus | UK | 1988 | retrospective study | hospital-based | NA | NA | 5 | 216 216 | 4 |
Hornblass A19 | amblyopia | USA | 1995 | retrospective study | hospital-based | NA | NA | 14 | 36 | 7 |
Ho YF35 | strabismus | Taiwan | 2017 | retrospective study | hospital-based | 3.86 | 1.8 | 10 | 319 | 7 |
Merriam WW20 | amblyopia strabismus refractive errors | USA | 1980 | retrospective study | hospital-based | NA | NA | 3 | 65 65 65 | 8 |
Skaat A21 | amblyopia strabismus | Israel | 2013 | retrospective study | hospital-based | 0.83 | 1.31 | 11 | 162 162 | 6 |
Srinagesh V22 | amblyopia strabismus refractive errors | USA | 2011 | retrospective study | hospital-based | 2.5 | NA | 4 | 92 87 87 | 7 |
Handor H23 | amblyopia | Morocco | 2014 | retrospective study | hospital-based | 10 | 1.75 | 7 | 44 | 6 |
Huo L24 | amblyopia refractive errors | China | 2012 | retrospective study | hospital-based | 16.83 | NA | 12 | 85 85 | 7 |
Abolfazl K25 | amblyopia | Iran | 2010 | cross-sectional study | hospital-based | NA | 1.56 | 2 | 100 | 7 |
Lin LK26 | amblyopia strabismus refractive errors | USA | 2008 | retrospective study | hospital-based | NA | 1.77 | 7 | 130 130 130 | 6 |
Stark N27 | amblyopia strabismus refractive errors | German | 1984 | retrospective study | hospital-based | NA | NA | 6 | 54 54 54 | 5 |
Stein A28 | amblyopia | USA | 2014 | retrospective study | hospital-based | 1.54 | NA | 18 | 84 | 7 |
Thapa R29 | amblyopia strabismus refractive errors | Nepal | 2010 | cross-sectional study | hospital-based | 16 | NA | 1 | 78 78 78 | 8 |
Hashemi H30 | amblyopia strabismus | Iran | 2015 | cross-sectional study | population-based | 7 | 1.41 | 1 | 58 58 | 9 |
Rong H31 | amblyopia | China | 2016 | retrospective study | hospital-based | 7.4 | NA | 2 | 187 | 8 |
Yalaz M36 | refractive errors | Turkey | 1996 | retrospective study | hospital-based | 15.75 | 1.55 | 5 | 39 | 4 |
