Table 4 Post hoc results of two-way RM ANOVA for ADC, stratified according to the 5 IVD levels.

From: Short-term increase in discs’ apparent diffusion is associated with pain and mobility improvements after spinal mobilization for low back pain

 

Before

After

Difference

% Change (95% CI)

t

P-value

Mean ± SD (95% CI)

Mean ± SD (95% CI)

ADC all

L1-L2

1437 ± 233 (1188–1685)

1536 ± 231 (1290–1781)

89.9

7.2 (5.3–9.1)

4.3

<0.001

L2-L3

1477 ± 196 (1268–1686)

1559 ± 180 (1367–1751)

82.1

5.9 (3.2–8.6)

3.6

<0.001

L3-L4

1333 ± 315 (997–1668)

1493 ± 297 (1177–1810)

160.7

13.2 (8.7–17.7)

7.0

<0.001

L4-L5

1073 ± 346 (705–1442)

1223 ± 333 (869–1577)

149.9

16.0 (9.6–22.3)

6.6

<0.001

L5-S1

1210 ± 356 (830–1589)

1236 ± 338 (876–1597)

26.5

4.1 (−2.4–10.6)

1.2

0.250

ADC ant

L1-L2

1277 ± 240 (1022–1533)

1377 ± 248 (1112–1641)

99.2

8.8 (3.3–14.2)

3.3

0.001

L2-L3

1320 ± 202 (1105–1535)

1445 ± 190 (1243–1647)

124.9

10.0 (5.9–14.1)

4.2

<0.001

L3-L4

1161 ± 298 (844–1478)

1367 ± 265 (1084–1649)

205.5

20.0 (13.3–26.8)

6.8

<0.001

L4-L5

991 ± 322 (649–1334)

1130 ± 298 (812–1447)

138.2

16.6 (7.5–25.6)

4.6

<0.001

L5-S1

1174 ± 313 (841–1508)

1210 ± 334 (854–1566)

35.7

3.9 (−3.0–10.8)

1.2

0.238

ADC mid

L1-L2

1541 ± 252 (1273–1809)

1612 ± 241 (1355–1869)

71.1

5.0 (2.5–7.6)

2.1

0.038

L2-L3

1599 ± 173 (1415–1783)

1644 ± 175 (1458–1831)

45.3

3.0 (0.5–5.5)

1.3

0.182

L3-L4

1420 ± 313 (1087–1755)

1567 ± 274 (1275–1858)

145.7

11.6 (6.1–17.0)

4.3

 < 0.001

L4-L5

1138 ± 358 (757–1519)

1290 ± 358 (909–1671)

151.8

16.0 (5.0–26.9)

4.5

<0.001

L5-S1

1293 ± 406 (860-1725)

1277 ± 377 (876–1679)

15.4

1.1 (−7.2–9.4)

0.5

0.674

ADC post

L1-L2

1492 ± 273 (1202–1783)

1618 ± 243 (1359–1878)

126.3

9.3 (4.0–14.6)

4.2

<0.001

L2-L3

1512 ± 268 (1227–1797)

1588 ± 229 (1344–1832)

76.1

6.0 (1.4–10.6)

2.5

0.013

L3-L4

1416 ± 368 (1024–1808)

1547 ± 365 (1158–1936)

131.0

10.1 (5.2–15.1)

4.3

<0.001

L4-L5

1090 ± 417 (646–1534)

1250 ± 381 (844–1656)

159.8

20.1 (7.5–32.6)

5.3

<0.001

L5-S1

1162 ± 375 (763–1562)

1221 ± 340 (859–1583)

59.1

8.6 (−0.9–18.1)

1.9

0.053

  1. Difference of means (in units of 10−6 mm2 s−1) and mean change (%) in ADC after mobilization. CI: confidence interval; ADCall: mean of ADCant, ADCmid, and ADCpost; ADCant: mean of anterior ROIs; ADCmid: mean of middle ROIs; ADCpost: mean of posterior ROIs; significant values are in bold.
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