Figure 3
From: Design of Phase Gradient Coding Metasurfaces for Broadband Wave Modulating

The layout of the optimal metasurface, the calculation and simulation of far field performance under normal incidence at 10 GHz. (a) the layout has been optimized with GA, where the different numbers represent elements of different patch width. The red line shows the distribution of elements owing the same reflection phase and the blue arrow shows the direction of phase gradient. (b) The calculation of far filed is obtained by the TF and the radiation is θ1 = 30° and φ1 = 30°. (c) The simulation of far filed is obtained by multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), which also shows the radiation θ1 = 30° and φ1 = 30°.