Table 1 Demographic characters of subjects based on chronic kidney diseases status.
From: Food Patterns are Associated with Likelihood of CKD in US Adults
Characteristics | Overall | With CKD (n = 1634) | Without CKD(n = 20015) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Men (%) | 48.9 | 37.7 | 49.2 | <0.001 |
Women (%) | 51.1 | 62.3 | 50.8 | ||
Age (Years), [mean(95% CI)] | 45.9 (45.2–46.3) | 69.0 (67.9–70.0) | 44.5 (43.9–45.1) | <0.001 | |
Race/Ethnicity | White (non-Hispanic) (%) | 68.5 | 82.6 | 68.4 | <0.001 |
Non-Hispanic Black (%) | 11.6 | 8.5 | 11.0 | ||
Mexican-American (%) | 8.3 | 2.7 | 8.7 | ||
Other Hispanic (%) | 5.0 | 2.8 | 5.2 | ||
Other (%) | 6.6 | 3.3 | 6.7 | ||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.51 ± 0.10 | 29.45 ± 0.14 | 28.48 ± 0.10 | <0.001 | |
Waist circumference (cm) | 97.62 ± 0.26 | 102.40 ± 0.34 | 97.48 ± 0.28 | <0.001 | |
Serum Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 154.22 ± 2.95 | 177.16 ± 3.60 | 152.56 ± 1.61 | <0.001 | |
Serum Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 195.83 ± 1.28 | 192.80 ± 1.97 | 196.06 ± 0.49 | 0.125 | |
Serum High density lipoprotein (mg/dl) | 53.14 ± 0.62 | 53.00 ± 0.56 | 53.11 ± 0.22 | 0.362 | |
Serum triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio | 3.55 ± 0.10 | 4.02 ± 0.11 | 3.51 ± 0.05 | 0.136 | |
Serum Hs-CRP (mg/dl) | 0.39 ± 0.05 | 0.55 ± 0.02 | 0.38 ± 0.01 | <0.001 | |
Serum Apolipoprotein (B) (mg/dL) | 93.24 ± 1.13 | 92.56 ± 1.49 | 93.30 ± 0.54 | 0.532 | |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121.55 ± 0.56 | 132.63 ± 0.70 | 120.62 ± 0.24 | <0.001 | |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70.16 ± 0.63 | 70.49 ± 0.25 | 65.54 ± 0.54 | <0.001 | |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl) | 98.27 ± 0.12 | 112.45 ± 1.40 | 97.27 ± 0.34 | <0.001 | |
Plasma Insulin (uU/mL) | 12.92 ± 0.15 | 14.59 ± 0.77 | 12.85 ± 0.17 | <0.001 | |
HOMA-IR | 3.379 ± 0.08 | 4.48 ± 0.30 | 3.30 ± 0.06 | <0.001 | |
HbA1c (%) | 5.56 ± 0.01 | 5.99 ± 0.02 | 5.53 ± 0.01 | <0.001 | |
2-hour blood glucose (mg/dL) | 115.26 ± 0.65 | 146.69 ± 3.84 | 114.24 ± 0.79 | <0.001 | |
Hypertension (%) | 15.4 | 34.8 | 13.9 | <0.001 | |
Diabetes (%) | 8.6 | 21.1 | 7.7 | <0.001 | |
Metabolic syndrome (%) | 27.1 | 49.3 | 27.3 | <0.001 | |
First food pattern [Saturated-MUFA](%) | |||||
Q1 | 21.8 | 27.3 | 21.1 | <0.001 | |
Q2 | 23.8 | 30.5 | 23.3 | ||
Q3 | 26.2 | 23.3 | 26.4 | ||
Q4 | 28.3 | 18.9 | 29.2 | ||
Second food pattern [minerals and vitamins] (%) | |||||
Q1 | 23.0 | 30.3 | 22.1 | <0.001 | |
Q2 | 24.2 | 24.0 | 24.1 | ||
Q3 | 25.6 | 26.3 | 25.7 | ||
Q4 | 27.3 | 19.6 | 28.1 | ||
Third food pattern [Cholesterol-PUFA] (%) | |||||
Q1 | 24.8 | 34.2 | 24.1 | <0.001 | |
Q2 | 24.7 | 27.0 | 24.6 | ||
Q3 | 25.6 | 23.6 | 25.8 | ||
Q4 | 24.9 | 15.2 | 25.6 | ||
