Table 3 Characteristic peaks of EHL and their assignments.

From: Fast preparation of carbon spheres from enzymatic hydrolysis lignin: Effects of hydrothermal carbonization conditions

Wave number/cm−1

Characteristic peaks of functional groups and their assignments

1700

Non-conjugated carbonyl

1650–1655

Conjugated carbonyl

1600–1605, 1505–1515

Vibration of aromatic skeleton

1460–1470

C-H deformation vibration of methyl or methylene

1424

C-H plane deformation vibration on aromatic nucleus

1328

Syringyl

1266–1270

Guaiaretic nuclear methoxy C-O vibration

1220–1230

C-O vibration of the aromatic nucleus related to syringyl

1167

C-O-C stretching vibration in ester bond

1125–1130

Aromatic nucleus C-H vibration

1120

In-plane bending vibration of syringyl ring C-H

1030–1036

In-plane deformation vibration of aromatic C-H

833–835

Out-of-plane bending vibration of aromatic nucleus C-H