Figure 2
From: Lacrimal Canaliculus Imaging Using Optical Coherence Tomography Dacryography

Optical coherence tomography dacryography (OCTD) images of the lacrimal canaliculus (LC) in patients with lacrimal drainage obstruction. (A,B) Images for a 67-year-old woman with punctal obstruction. (A) An image of the right medial lower eyelid. The lacrimal punctum (white arrow) is closed and the lacrimal canaliculus is not clear. (B) OCTD B-scan acquired along the curved line in (A) (arrowhead). The blind extremity of LC is confirmed at 224 µm under the conjunctival membrane. (C,D) Images for an 84-year-old woman with punctal obstruction. (C) Image of the right medial lower eyelid. The closed punctum (white arrow) is slightly bulging and accompanied by congestion. (D) The dilated lumen of the blind extremity of LC accompanied by congestion (asterisk). Dilation of the LC lumen filled with high-intensity material can be observed. OCTD-assisted punctal incision to access the blind extremity resulted in the emission of pus, which corresponded to the high-intensity material on the OCTD images. The average depth of the blind extremity from the conjunctiva was 259 ± 34 μm. (E,F) Images for a 44-year-old woman with canalicular obstruction. (E) Image of the right medial lower eyelid. The lacrimal punctum (white arrow) is confirmed. (F) The rebamipide suspension (contrast agent) has entered LC and reveals its obstruction. LC has become narrow toward the site of obstruction. Scale bar = 500 µm.