Table 1 Keywords used to assign each recovery action or conservation project into categories.

From: Evaluating the Contribution of North American Zoos and Aquariums to Endangered Species Recovery

Keyword

Description or examples

Assurance population

Ex situ breeding; establishing or maintaining ex situ populations to guard against extinction or serve as potential source for reintroduction

Education/outreach

Developing materials and displays; increasing awareness and partnerships

Fundraising

Seeking federal, state, and private grants; supporting other organizations

Habitat creation/restoration/protection

Purchasing habitat; creating nest sites; implementing restoration programs

Husbandry/veterinary care

Conducting physical exams; evaluating reproductive status; treating diseases

Management/planning

Decision making; evaluation; coordinating or serving on recovery teams or similar groups

Monitoring/assessments

Field-based population monitoring

Population augmentation

Activities affecting the in situ population (e.g., reintroduction of bred, head-started, or rehabilitated animals; translocation; release)

Rescue/rehab/sanctuary

Providing staff or facilities for rehabilitation and/or rescue

Research

Scientific studies in any area including behavior, demography, endocrinology, genetics, physiology, social sciences; field-based and zoo-based studies

Threat mitigation

Preventing or responding to threats (e.g., strandings, disease, predation, natural disasters)