Figure 9

Numerical Schlieren pictures of the density (top) and the von Mises criteria \({|\sigma ^{\prime} |}^{2}-\frac{2}{3}{({\sigma }_{y})}^{2}\) (bottom) at t = 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ s (a), t = 1.5 × 10⁻⁵ s (b), t = 2.5 × 10⁻⁵ s (c) and t = 3.0 × 10⁻⁵ s (d) for the two-dimensional impact case, u₁ = 800 m/s.