Table 2 General characteristics of included prevalence rates.

From: The Prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Chinese Children and Adolescents

Study characteristics

Number of estimates

Prevalence estimates (%)

95% CI of estimates

Year of data collection

1980–1990

6

5.5

4.2–6.8

1991–2000

12

6.9

4.2–9.6

2001–2010

34

6.0

5.–6.7

2011–2016

18

6.7

5.22–8.2

Geographical location

Mainland China

60

6.5

5.7–7.3

Hong Kong

2

6.4

1.5–11.3

Taiwan

8

4.2

3.2–5.2

Time frame

≤1 year

60

6.4

5.6–7.2

1–2 years

5

6.3

5.2–7.3

>2 years

5

4.7

3.3–6.1

Region

Urban areas

50

6.4

5.6–7.2

Rural areas

1

11.9

10.4–13.4

Urban, & rural areas

19

5.7

4.4–6.9

Age of participants

Preschoolers

7

5.5

3.3–7.7

School–aged children and adolescents

46

6.4

5.5–7.4

Preschoolers, & school–aged children and adolescents

17

6.1

5.1–7.2

Sample size

≤2,000

30

6.7

5.8–7.5

2,000–5,000

20

7.1

5.4–8.7

>5,000

20

4.9

3.9–5.9

Source of information a

Teacher

10

6.0

4.0–8.0

Parent

23

6.3

5.0–7.7

Teacher, & parent

24

6.8

5.5–8.1

Others (Student/student, & parent/student, teacher, & parent/not reported)

7

4.6

3.3–5.9

Procedure of screening and/or diagnosis

Screening

27

6.5

5.3–7.7

Diagnosis

8

4.9

3.8–6.1

Screening, & diagnosis

35

6.4

5.3–7.5

Screening criteria

Conners

24

6.7

5.2–8.3

DSM–III/–III–R

3

6.0

3.7–8.3

DSM–IV/DISC–IV

16

6.1

4.8–7.4

Conners, & DSM–III/–IV

5

8.6

5.4–11.9

Others (CCMD–III/questionnaires/interviews/clinical checks, etc.)

14

5.6

4.1–7.2

Diagnostic criteria b

DSM–III/–III–R

9

6.7

4.0–9.4

DSM–IV/DISC-IV

16

6.4

4.8–8.0

CCMD–II/–II–R/–III

5

6.0

3.0–8.9

DSM–IV, & Conners

4

7.9

4.9–11.0

ICD–9–CM

4

2.9

1.8–4.1

Others (questionnaires/interviews/clinical checks, etc.)

5

5.5

2.9–8.2

Total

70

6.3

5.7–6.9

  1. CI: Confidence Interval; Conners, Conners’ Parent Rating Scale and/or Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale; DSM-III, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition; DSM-III-R, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition; DSM-IV, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition; CCMD-II, Chinese Classification and Diagnosis of Mental Diseases, Second Edition; CCMD-II-R, Chinese Classification and Diagnosis of Mental Diseases, Revised Second Edition; CCMD-III, Chinese Classification and Diagnosis of Mental Diseases, Third Edition; ICD-9-CM, The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification; DISC-IV, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Version 4.
  2. aSome articles didn’t report the source of information.
  3. bOnly articles that reported the diagnostic criteria were counted.
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