Figure 5

(a) Representative micrographs of CO₂ bubbles near the junction (top) and the outlet (bottom) at stabilized Ni NPs by 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03% of DEX, PVP, and CMC at 10% NaCl. (b) A diagram of percent changes in average diameter of CO₂ bubbles in Ni NPs solution with DEX, PVP, CMC and graphs () of measured ζ potential of stabilized Ni NPs as a function of polymer concentration at 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03%. (c) Diagrams of changes in hydrodynamic particle size (d.nm) of Ni NPs with 0.03% of DEX, PVP, and CMC at different salinities (0%, 15%, and 30% NaCl). (d) FTIR spectra of Ni NPs, polymers, and Ni NPs with DEX, PVP, and CMC.