Table 2 Crude and adjusted relative risks of the association between maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

From: Pregnancy Outcomes in Women of Advanced Maternal Age: a Retrospective Cohort Study from China

 

Maternal age 30–34 years

Maternal age 35–39 years

Maternal age ≥40 years

Crude OR [95% CI]

Adjusted ORa [95% CI]

Crude OR [95% CI]

Adjusted ORa [95% CI]

Crude OR [95% CI]

Adjusted ORa [95% CI]

Maternal Outcomes

Selective CS

1.53 [1.23 1.915]b

1.45 [1.14 1.83]b

2.48 [2.00 3.09]b

2.13 [1.67 2.71]b

4.21 [3.37 5.27]b

3.55 [2.75 4.58]b

Emergency CS

1.07 [0.83 1.37]

1.07 [0.82 1.40]

0.95 [0.74 1.23]

0.86 [0.65 1.14]

0.98 [0.77 1.27]

0.84 [0.63 1.13]

ART

2.91 [1.22 6.93]b

3.24 [1.33 7.90]b

13.87[6.37 30.19]b

17.10[7.59 38.51]b

19.06[8.81 41.21]b

24.95[11.04 56.39]b

Preeclampsia

1.68 [0.73 3.87]

2.32 [0.98 5.52]

3.80 [1.80 8.00]b

3.97 [1.81 8.74]b

7.46 [3.68 15.14]b

7.33 [3.43 15.68]b

Severe preeclampsia

1.51 [0.67 3.39]

2.37 [1.00 5.57]

2.56 [1.22 5.36]b

3.18 [1.42 7.10]b

2.98 [1.44 6.17]b

3.35 [1.51 7.45]b

Early onset preeclampsia

1.85 [0.68 5.02]

2.22 [0.77 6.41]

2.88 [1.13 7.35]b

2.63 [0.95 7.26]

2.53 [0.98 6.57]

2.03 [0.72 5.73]

Gestational Hypertension

1.20 [0.37 3.96]

1.15 [0.34 3.94]

5.15 [1.96 13.53]b

4.75 [1.70 13.29]b

2.63 [0.93 7.42]

2.52 [0.83 7.66]

GDM

1.30 [0.98 1.72]

1.39 [1.00 1.87]

2.78 [2.15 3.61]b

2.51 [1.89 3.33]b

3.26 [2.52 4.21]b

2.90 [2.16 3.88]b

GDM (lifestyle intervention)

1.15 [0.83 1.58]

1.20 [0.86 1.69]

2.50 [1.87 3.35]b

2.32 [1.69 3.19]b

4.10 [3.10 5.43]b

3.81 [2.77 5.24]b

GDM (on insulin)

1.61 [0.99 2.62]

1.77 [1.05 2.98]

2.46 [1.56 3.88]b

2.12 [1.27 3.52]b

0.67 [0.37 1.21]

0.55 [0.29 1.04]

ICP

0.64 [0.40 1.01]

0.84 [0.51 1.36]

0.87 [0.57 1.33]

1.14 [0.71 1.84]

0.83 [0.54 1.27]

1.13 [0.69 1.87]

Placental abruption

1.11 [0.45 2.76]

0.94 [0.36 2.46]

1.23 [0.51 2.98]

1.23 [0.46 3.30]

0.78 [0.29 2.09]

0.79 [0.26 2.41]

Placenta Praevia and Vasa Praevia

1.28 [0.87 1.87]

1.49 [0.99 2.25]

1.32 [0.90 1.93]

1.14 [0.75 1.73]

2.05 [1.44 2.92]b

1.60 [1.06 2.41]b

PPH

1.17 [0.72 1.89]

1.38 [0.82 2.33]

0.74 [0.43 1.27]

0.65 [0.36 1.17]

1.30 [0.81 2.09]

1.07 [0.62 1.85]

Abnormality of fetal presentation (non-cephalic)

1.16 [0.72 1.85]

1.18 [0.71 1.94]

1.54 [0.98 2.41]

1.34 [0.81 2.20]

1.57 [1.01 2.45]b

1.31 [0.78 2.20]

Fetal outcomes

Preterm birth (<37 weeks)

0.55 [0.39 0.77]b

0.65 [0.45 0.94]b

0.71 [0.51 0.97]b

0.70 [0.49 0.99]b

0.84 [0.62 1.14]

0.80 [0.56 1.15]

Low birthweight (<2500 g)

0.63 [0.40 0.98]b

0.76 [0.47 1.23]

0.83 [0.55 1.27]

0.81 [0.50 1.30]

1.01 [0.67 1.51]

0.93 [0.58 1.49]

Macrosomia (>4000 g)

1.45 [0.91 2.32]

1.38 [0.84 2.29]

1.10 [0.67 1.81]

0.98 [0.57 1.70]

0.94 [0.56 1.57]

0.81 [0.45 1.46]

IUGR

0.20 [0.04 0.91]b

0.21[0.04 1.02]

1.00 [0.41 2.41]

0.71 [0.25 1.98]

0.90 [0.37 2.24]

0.58 [0.20 1.73]

Apgar score < 7 at 5 minute

0.67 [0.11 4.00]

1.28 [0.18 8.88]

0.67 [0.11 4.00]

1.41 [0.20 10.13]

1.34 [0.30 6.02]

2.93 [0.49 17.70]

NICU admission

0.54 [0.34 0.86]b

0.62 [0.38 1.02]

0.78 [0.51 1.18]

0.72 [0.45 1.15]

0.86 [0.57 1.30]

0.73 [0.45 1.18]

Respiratory complications

2.91 [1.22 6.93]b

2.45 [0.99 6.06]

2.61 [1.08 6.30]b

2.05 [0.80 5.25]

2.62 [1.09 6.33]b

1.86 [0.70 4.92]

  1. Note: CI: confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; ART: assisted reproductive techniques; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; ICP: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; PPH: postpartum haemorrhage; IUGR: Intrauterine growth restriction; NICU: neonatal intensive care unit.
  2. aAdjusted for gravidity, parity, maternal baseline BMI, conceiving method, insurance, education, and residence. In the comparison of “conceived by ART”, the aforementioned confounding factors were considered except for conceiving method. bDenotes significance with a CI that does not cross 1
  3. Maternal age 20–29 as the referent group. In the analysis of fetal outcomes, 2796 patients were analysed excluding pregnancies ending in stillbirth.
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