Figure 5

Niclosamide induces retrograde response in C. albicans. (A) Genome-wide transcriptional profiling reveals that transcript level of genes of anaplerotic reactions are altered in response to Niclosamide. Upregulated and downregulated genes are indicated by red and green, respectively. Transcripts that were not differentially expressed are shown in black. Simplified tricarboxylic and glyoxylate cycles as annotated in the CGD database are shown. (B,C) Antifilamentation effect of Niclosamide (B) and TCSA (C) on C. albicans resistant strains with different resistance mechanisms. C. albicans 6692 and 5674 resistant strains were grown under hyphae-promoting conditions (SC + 10% FBS) in the absence (control) or the presence of HSA (10–50 µM). (D,E) Niclosamide and TCSA alter the mitochondrial membrane potential. C. albicans SC5314 strain cells were treated with different concentrations (1–50 µM) of either TCSA or Niclosamide. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured using the fluorescent potentiometric dye JC-1 and flow cytometry (D). Alternatively, the effect of both HSA on ΔΨm was assessed by MitoTracker staining (E). For both of JC-1 and MitoTracker assays, fluorescence ratio and intensities (AU) were presented as the mean of at least three independent experiments.