Table 1 Characteristics of Participants in the Singapore Chinese Eye Study.
From: Trends of Visual Impairment and Blindness in the Singapore Chinese Population over a Decade
Persons with presenting normal vision* (N = 2636) | Persons with presenting bilateral visual impairment or blindness* (n = 717) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 57.83 (9.0) | 66.49 (10.2) | <0.001 |
Female gender, n (%) | 1,305 (49.5) | 385 (53.7) | 0.049 |
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 23.8 (3.6) | 23.3 (3.8) | 0.002 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1,508 (57.3) | 536 (74.8) | <0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 431 (16.4) | 161 (22.5) | <0.001 |
Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 156 (5.9) | 78 (10.9) | <0.001 |
Chronic Kidney Disease, n (%) | 128 (5.1) | 97 (14.6) | <0.001 |
Smoking status, n. (%) | |||
Never smoked | 1,960 (74.4) | 503 (70.2) | 0.016 |
Current smoker | 346 (13.1) | 96 (13.4) | |
Past smoker | 328 (12.5) | 118 (16.5) | |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 305 (11.6) | 61 (8.5) | 0.020 |
Housing, n (%) | |||
1-2 room public housing flat | 41 (1.6) | 33 (4.6) | <0.001 |
3-4 room public housing flat | 1,442 (54.8) | 496 (69.3) | |
≥5-room public housing flat | 1,149 (43.7) | 187 (26.1) | |
Monthly Income status, n (%) | |||
<S$2000 | 1,666 (65.2) | 616 (88.5) | <0.001 |
≥S$2000 | 889 (34.8) | 80 (11.5) | |
Education, n (%) | |||
No formal education | 437 (16.6) | 318 (44.4) | <0.001 |
Primary school education or above | 2,197 (83.4) | 398 (55.6) | |
