Table 1 Epidemiological information and molecular characterisation of meningococcal isolates before and after introduction of vaccines in Shanghai, China

From: Invasive meningococcal disease in Shanghai, China from 1950 to 2016: implications for serogroup B vaccine implementation

Period

Disease isolates

Carriage isolates

i) pre-MPV-A§:

ii) post-MPV-A:

iii) post-MPV-A + C:

i) pre-MPV-A:

ii) post-MPV-A:

iii) post-MPV-A + C:

1965–1980

1981–2008

2009–2016

1965–1980

1981–2008

2009–2016

(n = 117)

(n = 61)*

(n = 19)†

(n = 178)

(n = 24)

(n = 89)

Incidence, /100,000

55.4 (range, 1.9–433.8)

0.71 (0.06–4.3)

0.02 (0.008–0.03)

9.3% (carriage rate, 2,832/30,766)

2.0% (11/553)

1.2% (83/6,284)

Case fatality rate%

3.0 (2,918/97,280)

6.5 (168/2,580)

15 (6/40)

NA

NA

NA

Serogroup

A (71.8%, 84), B (17.1%, 20), C (7.7%, 9)

A (29.5%, 18), B (24.6%, 15), C (45.9%, 28)

A (0%), B (63.2%, 12), C (36.8%, 7),

A (10.7%, 19), B (52.2%, 93), C (16.9%, 30),

A (16.7%, 4), B (66.7%, 16), C (4.2%, 1)

A (0%) B (84.3%, 75), C (3.4%, 3),

Clonal complex♀

cc5 (41.0%, 48), cc1 (30.8%, 36)

cc4821 (37.5%, 18/48)‡, cc5 (20.8%, 10/48)

cc4821 (75%, 12/16)

cc32 (9.6%, 17), cc4821 (8.4%, 15), cc5 (7.3%, 13)

cc4821 (29.2%, 7)

cc4821 (25.8%, 23)

PorA VR

P1.20,9 (41.0%, 48), P1.7-1,10 (29.1%, 34)

P1.7-2,14 (29.2%, 14/48), P1.20,9 (20.8%, 10/48)

P1.7-2,14 (43.8%, 7/16)

P1.7-4,13-20 (11.2%, 20), P1.7,16 (9.0%, 16), P1.20,9 (7.9%, 14)

P1.7-2,14 (12.5%, 3), P1.20,9 (12.5%, 3)

P1.21-2,28 (13.5%, 12), P1.22,23-3 P1.18-25,9-18 (5.6%, 5), P1.22,23 (5.6%, 5) (6.7%, 6)

FetA VR

F3-1 (32.5%, 38), F5-5 (31.6%, 37),

F3-3 (34.2%, 13/38), F3-1 (23.7%, 9/38)

F3-3 (42.9%, 6/14)

F5-8 (11.8%, 21), F1-7 (10.1%, 18), F1-15 (9.0%, 16), F3-1 (6.7%, 12)

F1-5 (12.5%, 3), F3-1 (12.5%, 3), F3-3 (12.5%, 3)

F1-20 (13.5%, 12), F1-91 (10.1%, 9)

BAST

13 (38.5%, 45), 794 (29.1%, 34)

22 (21.1%, 8/38), 802 (15.8%, 6/38)

802 (21.4%, 3/14)

2300 (9.6%, 17/162) 13 (6.2%, 11/178)

22 (12.5%, 3/24)

2262 (5.6%, 5), 2433 (4.5%, 4)

  1. §MPV-A, serogroup A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine.
  2. *13 isolates or positive DNA not available for multi-locus sequence typing and PorA VR, and another 10 isolates not available for typing of FetA and BAST.
  3. †3 isolates or positive DNA not available for multi-locus sequence typing and PorA VR, and another 2 isolates not available for typing of FetA and BAST.
  4. NA, not applicable.
  5. ‡The denominator is indicated when it is different from the total number of isolates in this period.
  6. ♀cc1, ST-1 complex; cc5, ST-5 complex; cc32, ST-32 complex; cc4821, ST-4821 complex.
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