Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Two Drosophila Neuropeptide Y-like Neurons Define a Reward Module for Transforming Appetitive Odor Representations to Motivation

Figure 4

Anatomical and Functional Analyses of Two dorsomedial NPF neurons for Appetitive Arousal. (A) Presumptive synaptic connections between NPF and DL2 neurons at the LH (the dotted box) are revealed using a split GFP technique22, involving TH-GAL4, NPF-LexA, UAS-CD4::spGFP1–10 and LexAop-CD4::spGFP11. DL2-LH: four DL2 neurons projecting to the LH. Green: immuno-fluorescence of split GFP; Red: anti-TH. (B) The same as the image in panel A, except that anti-TH staining (red) was removed for better viewing of the split GFP signals. Scale bar = 20 μm. (C) Calcium imaging analyses of the odor responses of DA and NPF neurons and their functional relationship in odor perception. The DL2 neuronal responses to odor stimuli are independent of DM-NPF neurons, while the DM-NPF neuronal responses, which are slower, require the DL2 neuronal activities. Solid lines and arrow bars show mean ± SE. (DM lesion n = 9, Mock n = 5. DL2 lesion n = 10, Mock n = 8).

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