Figure 8
From: Conflict and adaptation signals in the anterior cingulate cortex and ventral tegmental area
Experimental phase dependent changes vertex behaviour and electrophysiology during instruction trials. Here, we manipulated whether instruction trials forced animals towards the rewarded maze arm (phases A1 and A2) or towards the unrewarded, barrier-containing maze arm (phase B). Vertex ACC power (a), VTA power (b), ACC-VTA coherence (c), and VTA → ACC PDC (f) were greater during instruction trials which forced animals towards unrewarded, barrier-containing maze arms as compared to instruction trials which forced animals towards rewarded maze arms. Correspondingly, animals were slower to leave the vertex during instruction trials which forced animals towards unrewarded, barrier-containing maze arms as compared to their vertex running speeds during instruction trials which forced them towards rewarded, no-barrier maze arms (d). No differences in ACC → VTA PDC (e) were detected across the phases. Data were analysed according to the normalisation and regression parameters described for each dependent measure in the main text. Data are presented as the grand means of each animal such that each marker corresponds to the mean of one animal on the un-normalised (raw) scale of each dependent measure in one experimental phase. The lines connecting the markers indicate the change in the mean choices of individual animals.
