Figure 7

Proposed pathway of protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenoside biosynthesis in adventitious roots of Panax ginseng. Dotted arrows represent glycosylation steps for which the mediating UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are as yet unknown. Blue and red lines show two possible pathways for the addition of two glucose residues at the C3-OH position (see text). Glc, β-d-glucopyranosyl; Ara(p), α-l-arabinopyranosyl; Ara(f), α-l-arabinofuranosy; Xyl, β-d-xylopyranosyl.