Figure 4
From: Atomic number dependence of Z contrast in scanning transmission electron microscopy
Atomic number dependence of integrated ADF contrast of single atoms. (a) Z dependence of the integrated ADF contrast, which is normalized by that of a hydrogen atom and (b) enlarged graph. Marks show the results of phase-object simulations and the black line represents the kinematical calculation. Both axes have a logarithmic scale. Each cross section of the elements is normalized by that of a hydrogen atom. The ADF detection angle range is 1.66 < sADF < 2.49 [Å−1]. The convergence semiangle in the phase-object simulation is sc = 0.25 [Å−1]. Note the breakdown of the power-law model, i.e., deviation from the straight line in the log-log graph, particularly for heavy elements, at lower acceleration voltages.
