Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants according to physical activity level.

From: Physical activity and impaired left ventricular relaxation in middle aged adults

Characteristics

Overall

Physical activity

P for trend

Inactive

Minimally active

HEPA

Number

57,449

25,865

22,261

9,323

 

Men (%)

75.8

72.2

80.4

74.6

<0.001

Age (years)a

40.4 (7.6)

40.0 (7.1)

40.4 (7.6)

41.6 (8.7)

<0.001

BMI (kg/m2)a

24.0 (3.2)

23.8 (3.3)

24.0 (3.1)

24.2 (3.1)

<0.001

Seoul center (%)

56.3

55.0

57.3

57.4

0.001

Obesity (%)

34.5

33.5

35.0

36.1

<0.001

Current smoker (%)

24.9

25.3

25.2

23.1

<0.001

Alcohol intake (%)b

25.7

24.7

25.4

29.4

<0.001

High education level (%)c

86.3

86.1

89.2

80.0

<0.001

Family history of CVD (%)

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.8

0.441

History of diabetes (%)

10.9

2.8

3.0

4.0

<0.001

History of hypertension (%)

3.1

9.8

11.0

13.3

<0.001

Systolic BP (mmHg)a

111.0 (12.8)

110.1 (12.9)

111.5 (12.6)

112.2 (12.7)

<0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)a

72.3 (10.2)

72.0 (10.4)

72.6 (10.1)

72.2 (10.1)

0.002

Glucose (mg/dL)a

96.5 (15.3)

96.2 (15.7)

96.8 (15.1)

96.9 (14.7)

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)a

198.0 (34.5)

198.1 (34.8)

198.5 (34.3)

196.7 (33.8)

0.015

LDL-C (mg/dL)a

124.3 (31.6)

124.2 (32.0)

125.0 (31.3)

122.5 (31.3)

0.006

HDL-C (mg/dL)a

55.6 (14.3)

55.1 (14.3)

55.1 (13.9)

57.8 (14.9)

<0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dL)d

105 (73–156)

109 (75–160)

106 (75–157)

95 (67–138)

<0.001

HOMA-IRd

1.32 (0.87–1.96)

1.36 (0.90–2.03)

1.32 (0.87–1.94)

1.17 (0.77–1.78)

<0.001

hsCRP (mg/L)d

0.5 (0.3–1.0)

0.5 (0.3–1.0)

0.5 (0.3–0.9)

0.4 (0.3–0.9)

<0.001

Sleep duration (h/day)a

6.38 (1.02)

6.40 (1.05)

6.38 (0.99)

6.36 (1.02)

0.001

Total energy intake (kcal/d) d,e

1554.8 (1218.4–1933.0)

1509.9 (1174.9–1876.9)

1591.7 (1264.9–1972.4)

1597.0 (1241.3–1989.4)

<0.001

  1. Data are amean (standard deviation), dmedian (interquartile range), or percentage.
  2. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.
  3. b ≥ 20 g/day; c ≥ College graduate; eamong 40,298 participants with plausible estimated energy intake levels (within three standard deviations from the log-transformed mean energy intake).
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