Table 1 Volatile organic compound emissions of R. tomentosum (RT) from moderate RT (MRT) density and high RT (HRT) groups in early (June) and late (August) season of 2017, median (inter quartile range, ng g−1 h−1). Differences between groups; MRT density and HRT density during both sampling occasions, and differences between June and August emissions from pooled MRT and HRT data were tested with the Mann-Whitney U test, (P < 0.05) emboldened.
June 17 | August 17 | Pooled Data (June vs August N = 18) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MRT (N = 12) | HRT (N = 6) | U | P | MRT (N = 12) | HRT (N = 6) | U | P | U | P | |
Monoterpenes | ||||||||||
α–Pinene | 166.04 (92.44–894.53) | 63.28 (43.99–74.56) | 12 | 0.064 | 312.11 (102.17–5134.85) | 154.13 (135.15–374.4) | 32 | 0.750 | 100 | 0.083 |
Camphene | 93.13 (43.01–506.96) | 37.07 (27.8–55.84) | 17 | 0.195 | 126.98 (82.72–3933.87) | 137.81(128.32–320.99) | 32 | 0.750 | 87 | 0.029 |
Sabinene | 135.49 (102.23–923.58) | 81.68(34.08–154.62) | 18 | 0.234 | 0 (0–6101.61) | 0 (0–0) | 29 | 0.553 | 78.5 | 0.013 |
β-Pinene | 93.41(57.76–621.15) | 43.13(19.51–58.79) | 14 | 0.104 | 84.46 (40.95–2929.59) | 87.85(43.91–216.18) | 32 | 0.750 | 135.5 | 0.568 |
Myrcene | 132199.54(60066–214656) | 64062 (59484–90397) | 26 | 0.721 | 174655(77244–234585) | 196565(167787–285991) | 28 | 0.494 | 103 | 0.103 |
Δ–3–Carene | 6.89 (0–98.61) | 0 (0–0) | 13 | 0.064 | 75.75(24.82–382.05) | 0 (0–21.25) | 15 | 0.050 | 107 | 0.134 |
Terpinene | 735.97 (233.25–9614.04) | 269.63 (76.13–533) | 19 | 0.279 | 101.02 (10.76–1102.12) | 0 (0–107.21) | 22 | 0.213 | 95.5 | 0.057 |
Cymene | 174.14 (140.10–2964.79) | 141.39 (65.31–196.12) | 18 | 0.234 | 871.30 (549.91–48331.05) | 1464.56 (771.78–4039.82) | 32 | 0.750 | 46 | <0.001 |
Limonene | 206.33 (123.54–630.31) | 82.31 (43.71–119.18) | 13 | 0.082 | 465.66 (203.98–14714.09) | 369.78 (261.89–828.88) | 31 | 0.682 | 76 | 0.010 |
(Z)–β–Ocimene | 1286 (432.52–1691) | 591.09 (352.47–1197.77) | 16 | 0.383 | 9718.68 (3707–23105) | 7771.91 (6906.6–19665.54) | 30 | 0.616 | 16 | <0.001 |
(E)–β–Ocimene | 682.75 (411.29–1969.02) | 395.68 (205.75–544.23) | 18 | 0.160 | 2391(1303.5–8605.3) | 3601.72 (2658.7–6061.3) | 28 | 0.494 | 38 | <0.001 |
γ–Terpinene | 176.09 (91.23–1885.44) | 93.21 (35.32–139.29) | 18 | 0.234 | 60.40 (27.91–2057.68) | 62.23 (42.58–141.75) | 35 | 0.964 | 121 | 0.303 |
α–Terpinolene | 79.75 (52.4–333.25) | 26.27 (22.14–79.62) | 17 | 0.195 | 0 (0–6.52) | 0 (0–0) | 27 | 0.437 | 34 | <0.001 |
Sesquiterpenes | ||||||||||
α–Copaene | 92.03 (55.42–127.64) | 20.04 (19.15–32.94) | 15 | 0.130 | 5.99 (0–274.28) | 0 (0–54.56) | 28 | 0.494 | 99 | 0.077 |
β–Elemene | 302.68 (218.52–470.54) | 81.68 (66.38–153.07) | 14 | 0.104 | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–135.2) | 30 | 0.616 | 42 | <0.001 |
α–Gurjunene | 25014 (13867–43497) | 10832.43(4578.79–17090) | 19 | 0.279 | 4421.58 (2181–8536) | 3612.63 (3323.3–3920.47) | 32 | 0.750 | 40 | <0.001 |
(E)–β–Carryophyllene | 2849.44 (312.8–13085.9) | 3462.07 (246.9–34246) | 30 | 1.000 | 1708.17 (395.5–4561.61) | 2949.3 (678.5–7051.26) | 33 | 0.820 | 136 | 0.590 |
Calarene | 835.78 (705.89–1346.21) | 383.35 (192.12–461.23) | 16 | 0.160 | 4513 (1360.9–6797.7) | 3601.3 (3396.4–4394.5) | 35 | 0.964 | 36 | <0.001 |
Azulene | 304.37 (243.11–552.93) | 173.62 (115.02–243.86) | 19 | 0.279 | 1322.64 (724.8–2949) | 1361.23 (991.24–1419.86) | 35 | 0.964 | 29 | <0.001 |
α–Humulene | 309.48 (168.4–815.49) | 570.1 (127.38–940.65) | 29 | 0.959 | 110.29 (56.94–346.56) | 314.54 (273.16–415.27) | 20 | 0.151 | 100 | 0.083 |
Aromadendrene | 24198 (17171–30173) | 12884.1 (6317–13949.3) | 19 | 0.279 | 132763 (41354–284546) | 163211(131661–19030) | 32 | 0.750 | 20 | <0.001 |
Ledene | 483.46 (385.14–920.15) | 281 (127.27–341.22) | 18 | 0.234 | 871.38 (425.58–1687.63) | 955.59 (844.12–1110.07) | 32 | 0.750 | 89 | 0.035 |
Palustrol | 27519 (23454–33607.97) | 14541 (10143–19643) | 16 | 0.160 | 195280 (99185–582350) | 299182 (199018–323158) | 34 | 0.892 | 13 | <0.001 |
Ledol | 4321.5 (3323.9–5455.57) | 2265.3 (1886.3–3032.2) | 15 | 0.130 | 29916 (14969–9445.3) | 45284 (32691.6–46581.9) | 33 | 0.820 | 6 | <0.001 |
Other Compounds | ||||||||||
Bornyl–acetate | 203.80 (73.02–1055.02) | 36.32 (28.2–179.66) | 16 | 0.160 | 149.01 (60.45–5717.61) | 262.12 (203.4–441.08) | 29 | 0.553 | 122.5 | 0.318 |
6–Methyl–5–hepten–2–one | 124.6 (84.21–300.85) | 49.02 (46.73–49.7) | 5 | 0.006 | 229.09 (85.36–427.8) | 178.56 (125.86–221.6) | 32 | 0.750 | 108 | 0.143 |
Citronellyl acetate | 430.01 (134.65–624.06) | 66.25 (57.15–190.04) | 16 | 0.160 | 4158.7 (1106.8–8645.23) | 2829.34 (1212.3–3648.8) | 32 | 0.750 | 27 | <0.001 |
Geranyl–acetate | 1188.61 (283.8–1770.4) | 362.6 (187.17–365.29) | 16 | 0.140 | 5011.7 (1436.9–23411.4) | 6117.16 (3346.6–6612.4) | 36 | 1.000 | 47 | <0.001 |
Total | 270097.42 (171639.05–393122.98) | 111185.27 (90739.17–185954.08) | 17 | 0.195 | 728679.93 (358990.6–1515698.74) | 741312.18 (702466.33–905714.86) | 35 | 0.964 | 31 | <0.001 |