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Figure 1

From: Whole grain intake associated molecule 5-aminovaleric acid betaine decreases β-oxidation of fatty acids in mouse cardiomyocytes

Figure 1

5-AVAB inhibits β-oxidation in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes. Effect of 5-AVAB treatment to mitochondrial respiration was assessed in cardiomyocytes. (a–d) After 24 h treatment in cardiomyocyte culture medium, which contains glucose as energy substrate, solution was changed to assay medium with palmitic acid as an energy source. (a) Treatment with different concentrations of 5-AVAB shows dose-dependent effect on palmitic acid oxidation as assessed by ratio of 6th and 1st measurement in individual assay wells (mean ± SEM). (b) This effect can be reversed by addition of glucose and pyruvate. (c) 5-AVAB has similar effect on the use of palmitic acid as meldonium, whereas glycine betaine shows no effect. (d) Addition of carnitine to the medium blocks the effect of 5-AVAB and meldonium. (e) In the mitochondrial stress test, none of the compounds had effect on the parameters of mitochondrial respiration in presence of glucose and pyruvate. CCM, cardiomyocyte culture medium; ETO, etomoxir; ANTI, antimycin A; MEL, meldonium; BET; glycine betaine; OLIGO, oligomycin; FCCP, carbonyl cyanide-4-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

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