Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Emergent memory in cell signaling: Persistent adaptive dynamics in cascades can arise from the diversity of relaxation time-scales

Figure 2

Transient activity in MAPK cascade immediately following the application of a stimulus at t = 0. (a–e) Characteristic time series for the normalized concentration of doubly phosphorylated MAPK (\({n}_{{K}^{\ast \ast }}\)), shown for different total concentrations of kinases. (f–j) Trajectories representing the evolution of the systems in panels (a–e) in the projection of the phase-space on the planes comprising normalized concentrations of active MAP3K (\({n}_{3{K}^{\ast }}\)), singly phosphorylated MAP2K (\({n}_{2{K}^{\ast }}\)) and active MAPK (\({n}_{{K}^{\ast \ast }}\)). The concentrations have been normalized by the total concentration of MAP3K ([3K]tot), MAP2K ([2K]tot) and MAPK ([K]tot), respectively. The light blue and dark blue markers in each of the panels (f–j) demarcate the portion of the trajectories that correspond to the time series shown in panels (a–e). The steady state of the system is represented by a red marker in panels (f–i). In panels (e) and (j), the system converges to a stable limit cycle. For details of parameter values and signal amplitudes for the systems shown in each of the panels see Table 1.

Table 1 Signal amplitudes and system parameters for the panels in Figs 2 and 3.
Full size table

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