Figure 1

Iberian mammals diversity and analysed factors. (A) Iberian mammalian diversity through time estimated using a maximum likelihood method (TRiPS23) and a subsampling method (SQS24) equal-coverage subsampling (share-holder-quorum)24, based on 100 datasets with resampled ages (see Fig. S1). (B) Functional disparity and functional saturation (FD and FS) through time. (C) Biogeographic affinities of the Iberian Peninsula. (D,E) Stacked δ13C and δ18O records from Iberian herbivore fossil tooth enamel. Higher δ13C values reflect more open habitats. Higher δ18O values reflect warmer environments with more intense evaporation of water bodies. General trends based on local regression fitting (LOESS) and their 95% prediction band is shown. LOESS capture the general trend, reduce the influence of extreme points and the noise caused by the temporal uncertainty in our data. For visual clarity, LOESS curves and point clouds are shown in supplementary figures. See Methods for more details. Plio, Pliocene. Pl, Pleistocene.