Table 1 RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK activation, RAS/RAF mutation, ALK mutation, 1q21 amplification, and RASSF1A/RASD1 methylation in patients with RRMM.

From: Frequent functional activation of RAS signalling not explained by RAS/RAF mutations in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma

Patient

pERK1/2

Amp(1q21)

KRAS codon

NRAS codon

BRAF codon

ALK codon

RASSF1A

RASD1

12

13

61

12

13

61

469

600

601

1174

1245

1275

Methylation

Methylation

1

Pos

Pos

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

2

Pos

Pos

WT

G(G/A)C

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

3

Pos

Pos

WT

WT

C(A/C)A

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

4

Pos

Pos

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

G(T/A)G

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

5^

Pos

Neg

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

6

Pos

Neg

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

7

Pos

Pos

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

8

Neg

Pos

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

ND

ND

UU

UU

9

Neg

Neg

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

10

Neg

Pos

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

11

Neg

N/A

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

12

Pos

N/A

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

13

Pos

N/A

G(G/T)T

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

14

Pos

Pos

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

ND

ND

15

Pos

Pos

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

(C/A)AA

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

16

Pos

N/A

G(G/A)T

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

17

Pos

N/A

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

CAT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

WT

UU

UU

  1. Keys: RRMM, relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma; Pos, positive; Neg, negative; N/A, not applicable; WT, wild-type; ND, not done due to insufficient DNA; ALK codon 1174/1245/1275 WT, TTC/TTC/CGA; KRAS codon 12/13/61 WT, GGT/GGC/CAA; NRAS codon 12/13/61 WT, GGT/GGT/CAA; BRAF codon 469/600/601 WT, GGA/GTG/AAA; UU, completely unmethylated; ^patient in very good partial remission but had bone marrow examination because of pancytopenia, which revealed Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with no bone marrow plasmacytosis.