Table 3 Energetics required for the band-lineup diagram (Fig. 3). Units are all given in [eV].

From: Bandgap reduction of photocatalytic TiO2 nanotube by Cu doping

Structure

Fermi Level

Vacuum Level

Work Function

Pristine (0,3) TiO2 NT

−4.275

1.698

5.973

1/center-inserted

−2.144

1.734

3.878

2/surface-attached

−2.892

1.711

4.603

3/substituted

−4.519

1.682

6.201

4/substituted-with-vac

−4.559

1.688

6.247

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