Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants (n = 166).
Characteristics at enrolment | LMP group (n = 80) | n(%) | Control group (n = 86) | n(%) | P value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||||
Age (years) | 33.2 ± 4.4 | 33.1 ± 4.1 | 0.801 | ||
Gestational week | 6.8 ± 1.6 | 6.8 ± 1.5 | 0.942 | ||
Body weight (kg) | 57.8 ± 10.8 | 59.9 ± 9.9 | 0.200 | ||
Body height (cm) | 158.2 ± 5.5 | 157.8 ± 5.1 | 0.674 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 3.9 | 24.1 ± 4.0 | 0.104 | ||
Pre-pregnant weight (kg) | 56.6 ± 10.5 | 58.1 ± 9.6 | 0.327 | ||
Pre-pregnant BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 ± 3.8 | 23.4 ± 3.9 | 0.191 | ||
Family history of diabetes at 1st degree relatives | 29(36.3%) | 28(32.6%) | 0.617 | ||
Prior history of GDM or birth of child >=4 kg | 1(1.3%) | 0(0.0%) | 0.482 | ||
Education level | |||||
Secondary or below | 31(38.8%) | 41(47.7%) | 0.246 | ||
Tertiary or above | 49(61.2%) | 45(52.3%) | |||
Occupation status | |||||
Working | 70(87.5%) | 71(82.6%) | 0.374 | ||
Non-working‡ | 10(12.5%) | 15(17.4%) | |||
Marital status | |||||
Married | 70(87.5%) | 81(94.2%) | 0.133 | ||
Others§ | 10(12.5%) | 5(5.8%) | |||
Monthly family income (HK$) | |||||
Less than 20,000 | 13(16.2%) | 26(30.2%) | 0.034 | ||
20,000 or above | 67(83.8%) | 60(69.8%) | |||
Parity | |||||
0 | 49(61.2%) | 50(58.1%) | 0.683 | ||
1 or more | 31(38.8%) | 36(41.9%) | |||
Smoking ¶ | |||||
Never smoke | 76(95.0%) | 83(96.5%) | 0.712 | ||
Ex-smoker | 4(5.0%) | 3(3.5%) | |||
Alcohol use | |||||
Never | 65(81.2%) | 74(86.0%) | 0.403 | ||
Ex-user/current user¶¶ | 15(18.8%) | 12(14.0%) | |||
