Table 2 Comparisons of energy and selected nutrient intakes as well as physical activity levels between the LMP group and the control group at <=12 weeks (T0) and 24–28 weeks (T2) (ITT analysis)†.

From: Randomized trial examining effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in reducing gestational diabetes in high risk Chinese pregnant women in Hong Kong

Variable

Weeks of gestation

LMP group (n = 80)

Control group (n = 86)

P value‡

Energy (kcal/day)

<=12 weeks

1775 ± 342

1652 ± 364

0.051

24–28 weeks

1865 ± 386

2015 ± 434

0.040

Difference§

90 ± 417

363 ± 428

<0.001

% of carbohydrates

<=12 weeks

45.0 ± 6.5

43.7 ± 6.3

0.248

24–28 weeks

43.7 ± 5.5

43.1 ± 6.9

0.596

Difference

−1.2 ± 7.0

−0.5 ± 8.0

0.592

% of fat

<=12 weeks

36.9 ± 5.3

37.3 ± 5.0

0.679

24–28 weeks

37.2 ± 4.1

37.9 + 5.7

0.385

Difference

0.3 ± 5.8

0.7 ± 7.1

0.747

% of saturated fat

<=12 weeks

9.4 ± 1.9

9.3 ± 1.6

0.740

24–28 weeks

9.4 ± 1.6

9.9 ± 1.9

0.113

Difference

0.0 ± 2.1

0.6 ± 2.3

0.119

% of protein

<=12 weeks

18.3 ± 2.4

19.3 ± 2.7

0.036

24–28 weeks

19.4 ± 2.6

19.1 ± 3.6

0.623

Difference

1.1 ± 2.8

−0.1 ± 3.7

0.036

Fiber (g/1000 kcal)

<=12 weeks

6.4 ± 2.2

6.2 ± 1.9

0.631

24–28 weeks

6.7 + 1.7

6.4 ± 2.0

0.350

Difference

0.3 ± 2.3

0.2 ± 1.8

0.719

Total PA (MET-minutes/week)

<=12 weeks

693(330–2079)

990(495–2153)

0.155

24–28 weeks

693(476–1626)

1386(644–2772)

0.030

Difference

16.5(−693–417)

165(−378–1047)

0.105

Vigorous (MET-minutes/week)

<=12 weeks

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.975

24–28 weeks

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.086

Difference

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.180

Moderate (MET-minutes/week)

<=12 weeks

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.054

24–28 weeks

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.211

Difference

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.917

Walking (MET-minutes/week)

<=12 weeks

693(297–1617)

924(495–2030)

0.198

24–28 weeks

693(446–1386)

1188(495–2772)

0.125

Difference

99(−693–446)

0(−421–767)

0.467

Sitting time (minutes/day)

<=12 weeks

447 ± 182

448 ± 218

0.976

24–28 weeks

387 ± 174

404 ± 208

0.606

Difference

−60 ± 140

−44 ± 209

0.601

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (IQR). ITT – intention to treat. LMP – lifestyle modification program. SD – standard deviation. IQR – interquartile range. PA – physical activity. MET – metabolic equivalent of tasks. †Dietary data are presented based on 61 LMP participants and 69 control participants with complete dietary data at both <=12 weeks and 24–28 weeks. Physical activity data are presented based on 67 LMP participants and 69 control participants with complete physical activity data at both <=12 weeks and 24–28 weeks. ‡P value by independent t test or non-parametric Mann-Whitney test where appropriate. §Difference based on T2 (24–28 weeks) value minus T0 (<=12 weeks) value.
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