Table 3 Comparisons of energy and selected nutrient intakes as well as physical activity levels between the high LMP adherence group and the control group at <=12 weeks (T0) and 24–28 weeks (T2) (PP analysis)†.

From: Randomized trial examining effectiveness of lifestyle intervention in reducing gestational diabetes in high risk Chinese pregnant women in Hong Kong

Variable

Weeks of gestation

LMP group (n = 14)

Control group (n = 86)

P value‡

Energy (kcal/day)

<=12 weeks

1704 ± 317

1652 ± 364

0.620

24–28 weeks

1814 ± 319

2015 ± 434

0.104

Difference§

110 ± 395

363 ± 428

0.045

% of carbohydrates

<=12 weeks

44.8 ± 9.3

43.7 ± 6.3

0.577

24–28 weeks

46.9 ± 6.2

43.1 ± 6.9

0.068

Difference

2.1 ± 9.3

−0.5 ± 8.0

0.287

% of fat

<=12 weeks

36.3 ± 7.5

37.3 ± 5.0

0.548

24–28 weeks

34.8 ± 4.9

37.9 ± 5.7

0.060

Difference

−1.5 ± 7.7

0.7 ± 7.1

0.317

% of saturated fat

<=12 weeks

8.7 ± 2.1

9.3 ± 1.6

0.240

24–28 weeks

8.7 ± 1.6

9.9 ± 1.9

0.027

Difference

0.0 ± 2.3

0.6 ± 2.3

0.360

% of protein

<=12 weeks

19.0 ± 2.7

19.3 ± 2.7

0.743

24–28 weeks

18.7 ± 2.3

19.1 ± 3.6

0.700

Difference

−0.3 ± 2.6

−0.1 ± 3.7

0.904

Fiber (g/1000 kcal)

<=12 weeks

6.7 ± 2.1

6.2 ± 1.9

0.382

24–28 weeks

7.2 ± 2.2

6.4 ± 2.0

0.191

Difference

0.5 ± 3.1

0.2 ± 1.8

0.751

Total PA (MET-minutes/week)

<=12 weeks

594(309–1386)

990(495–2153)

0.175

24–28 weeks

693(169–1782)

1386(644–2772)

0.079

Difference

8(−703–276)

165(−378–1047)

0.292

Vigorous (MET-minutes/week)

<=12 weeks

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.652

24–28 weeks

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.430

Difference

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.646

Moderate (MET-minutes/week)

<=12 weeks

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.168

24–28 weeks

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.176

Difference

0(0–0)

0(0–0)

0.772

Walking (MET-minutes/week)

<=12 weeks

594(309–1386)

924(495–2030)

0.252

24–28 weeks

693(169–1782)

1188(495–2772)

0.175

Difference

8(−703–276)

0(−421–767)

0.563

Sitting time (minutes/day)

<=12 weeks

414 ± 179

448 ± 218

0.578

24–28 weeks

347 ± 165

404 ± 208

0.341

Difference

−66 ± 117

−44 ± 209

0.705

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD or median (IQR). PP – per protocol. LMP – lifestyle modification program. SD – standard deviation. IQR – interquartile range. PA – physical activity. MET – metabolic equivalent of tasks.†Dietary and physical activity data are presented based on 14 LMP participants and 69 control participants with complete dietary and physical activity data at both <=12 weeks and 24–28 weeks. ‡P value by independent t test or non-parametric Mann-Whitney test where appropriate. §Difference based on T2 (24–28 weeks) value minus T0 (<=12 weeks) value.
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