Figure 3

Imaging through small refractive heterogeneities (DSLM vs. mDSLM). (a) An image generated by DSLM (NAx = NAy = 0.06) through a cluster of glass spheres. Shadowing artifacts, with intensity deviations on the order of ±30%, are visible behind each glass sphere. A corresponding mDSLM (NAx = 0.06, NAy = 0.18) image is shown in (b). Due to increased angular diversity in the y direction, the intensity deviations caused by shadowing artifacts are reduced to ±12%. Line profiles at a depth of z = 500 μm are shown. In (c), the standard deviation of the intensity fluctuations along the y axis, \({\sigma }_{I,y}\), is plotted as a function of z for the DSLM and mDSLM images. At all depths beyond z = 100 μm, \({\sigma }_{I,y}\) is greater for DSLM compared to mDSLM.