Figure 3
Quantification of land area exposed to each hazard due to increased SLR is shown for the islands of Kaua‘i (blue), Maui (yellow), and O‘ahu (red) for the SLR scenarios: present-day (0.08), 0.17, 0.32, 0.60, and 0.98 m. Plots show: (left column) exposed areas; (middle column) change in exposed area relative to the present-day scenario (future area minus present-day area); and (right column) normalized area (future area divided by present-day area). Error bars represent standard errors. Land areas exposed to passive flooding (a–c) are shown as stacked histograms, where the height of each bar represents the total (passive marine overland + groundwater/drainage) land area exposed, with marine overland contributions shown with gray single-hatching and groundwater/storm drain contributions shown with white cross-hatching. Wave inundation areas are shown in (d–f). Land areas exposed to erosion are shown in (g–i); insets show acceleration in areas exposed to erosion, when plotted versus time. The cumulative area (j–l) is the area exposed to one or more hazards.
