Table 3 Results on changes of the Mean Vigilance Value and the Arousal Stability Score in patients vs. healthy controls (left part) and responders vs. non-responders to sleep deprivation (right part) from baseline to after sleep deprivation.

From: Changes in brain arousal (EEG-vigilance) after therapeutic sleep deprivation in depressive patients and healthy controls

Patients vs. Controls

Responder vs. Non-Responder

Mean Vigilance ValueA

Mean Vigilance ValueB

ME group

F = 16.580; p < 0.001

ME status

F = 10.742; p = 0.003

ME time

F = 19.325; p < 0.001

ME time

F = 1.028; p = 0.425

ME day

F = 25.164; p < 0.001

ME day

F = 0.123; p = 0.729

Group * time

F = 2.333; p = 0.059

Status * time

F = 2.594; p = 0.044

Group * day

F = 3.898; p = 0.055

Status * day

F = 2.944; p = 0.099

Time * day

F = 3.434; p = 0.004

Time * day

F = 1.236; p = 0.296

Group * time * day

F = 1.278; p = 0.271

Status * time * day

F = 0.759; p = 0.582

Arousal Stability Score C

Arousal Stability Score D

ME group

 = 14.104; p < 0.001

ME status

X² = 13.877; p < 0.000

ME day

 = 10.627; p = 0.001

ME day

X² = 1.338; p = 0.247

Group * day

X² = 2.938; p = 0.087

Status * day

X² = 0.498; p = 0.397

  1. Annotations: ME = Main Effect; Group (depressive patients vs. healthy controls), Status (responders vs. non-responders), time (recording minutes 1–15), and day (assessment days: baseline vs. after sleep deprivation).
  2. ARepeated measure ANOVA.
  3. BRepeated measures ANCOVA (with age as covariate).
  4. CGeneralized estimating equation.
  5. DGeneralized estimating equation, including age as cavariate (main effects of age and age * day as well as age * time interactions were considered).