Figure 1

The spatial distributions of carbon sink (e) and its forming fluxes, including gross primary productivity (GPP, a), human returned carbon (HC, b), ecosystem respiration (ER, c), and carbon removal from cropland (CRC, d), emission from reactive carbon (ERC), and emission from water erosion (Ewat), in Liaoning province of China during 2000–2014. ERC and Ewat were not shown as they were deemed to have no spatial variations in this study. The maps were made by ArcGIS 10.0 software (http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis).