Table 1 Demographics and Clinical Group Differences.

From: Voxel-Based Morphometry Correlates of an Agitated-Aggressive Syndrome in the At-Risk Mental State for Psychosis and First Episode Psychosis

 

BPRS-EC high (H) (n = 49)

BPRS-EC low (L) (n = 62)

HC (C) (n = 25)

Statistics (H vs. L vs. C)

Post hoc

ARMS

FEP

Total

ARMS

FEP

Total

Gender M/F

13/7

24/5

37/12

28/8

16/10

44/18

11/14

χ2(2) = 8.8 p = 0.018

 

Mean age (years) mean (SD)

23.8 (4.1)

26.7 (6.9)

25.5 (6.1)

24.7 (6.0)

28.0 (7.9)

26.1 (7.0)

27.7 (4.5)

F(2,1) = 0.959 p = 0.386

 

Years of education mean (SD)

13.8 (2.4)

12.6 (3.2)

13.1 (2.9)

13.4 (3.1)

13.7 (2.6)

13.5 (2.9)

16.0 (3.1)

F(2,1) = 6.9 p = 0.001

H < C, L < C

BPRS total mean (SD)

43.6 (9.4)

56.9 (11.3)

52.3 (11.5)

35.7 (6.4)

42.3 (11.2)

38.8 (9.5)

24.5 (1.1)

F(2,1) = 70.4 p < 0.001

H > C, H > L, L > C

BPRS-EC mean (SD)

7.1 (1.6)

8.3 (2.4)

7.8 (2.2)

4.4 (0.5)

4.2 (0.4)

4.3 (0.5)

4.0 (0.0)

F(2,1) = 113.2 p < 0.001

H > C, H > L

SANS total Mean (SD)

21.7 (17.1)

25.6 (14.4)

24.1 (15.5)

15.2 (10.7)

18.8 (16.3)

16.8 (13.4)

0.0 (0.0)

F(2,1) = 26.9 p < 0.001

H > C, H > L, L > C

GAF total Mean (SD)

66.9 (10.7)

54.7 (15.1)

59.8 (14.6)

67.8 (12.2)

60.3 (13.8)

64.6 (13.3)

88.4 (4.4)

F(2,1) = 43.9 p < 0.001

H < C, L < C

Antipsychotics n (%)

0

12 (24.5%)

12 (24.5%)

0

12 (19.4%)

12 (19.4%)

0

χ2(1) = 0.0 p = 0.939

 

Antidepressants n (%)

12 (24.5%)

6 (12.3%)

18 (36.7%)

10 (16.1)

4 (6.4)

14 (22.6%)

0

χ2(1) = 5.5 p = 0.188

 

Alcohol n No/Mod/Uncon

6/10/3

11/15/3

17/25/6

6/25/5

8/15/3

14/40/8

1/22/2

χ2(4) = 10.6 p = 0.032

 

Cannabis currently n (%)

8 (16.3%)

9 (18.4%)

17 (34.7%)

9 (14.5%)

5 (8.1%)

14 (22.6%)

4 (16%)

χ2(2) = 3.8 p = 0.152

 

Smoking cig/day mean (SD)

11.9 (9.1)

10.6 (8.7)

11.1 (8.8)

6.9 (9.3)

12.3 (13.3)

9.2 (11.3)

3.1 (6.4)

F(2,1) = 5.7 p = 0.004

H > C, L > C

  1. Bonferroni correction (at p < 0.05) was calculated for post-hoc analyses in SPSS 25.0. Abbreviations: BPRS-EC high: individuals prone to psychosis with high BPRS Excited Component score defined as BPRS-EC > 5, listed as H in the Statistics and Post hoc column; BPRS-EC low: individuals prone to psychosis with low BPRS Excited Component score defined as BPRS-EC ≤ 5, listed as L in the Statistics and Post hoc column; HC: healthy controls, listed as C in the Statistics and Post hoc column; BPRS total: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total score; BPRS-EC: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale – Excited Component; SANS total: Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms total score; GAF total: Global Assessment of Functioning total score; Alcohol n = number of subjects consuming alcohol; No: no alcohol; Mod: moderate intake of alcohol; Uncon: uncontrolled drinking; Smoking cig/day: amount of cigarettes smoked per day.
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