Figure 8

Influence of femoral and tibial rotations on pelvic movements. An abducted limb position enforces a stronger long axis rotation of the femur as in the French bulldog (left side), which can be best seen in the boxy version (below). As the hindpaw is fixed on the ground the movements are transmitted to the hip joint and hence to the pelvis leading to its pronounced tilting and medial displacement e.g. in the trot. In the Whippet the limb’ s trajectory is almost parasagittal with consequently almost no pelvic displacement. 3D- kinematics from femur and tibia are meanvalues.