Figure 9

Sexual dimorphism in circulating cytokines and associations with microbial families. (A) Serum cytokine levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6 and Cxcl1, and Pearson correlations of cytokines with abundance of (B) f_Clostridiaceae and (C) f_S24-7. Data are expressed as means ± SD. Statistical differences in gene expression were determined using a 2-way ANOVA to examine the effects of maternal HF and offspring sex, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc analyses. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001).