Table 1 Comparison of normalized Modulation efficiency for graphene modulator.

From: Large modulation capacity in graphene-based slot modulators by enhanced hybrid plasmonic effects

Reference/Year

Graphene-based structure

Modulation Efficiency per graphene layer (Δ = 0.34 nm) (dB/μm)

3/2011

Silicon waveguide

0.1

17/2016

Slot waveguide

0.144

18/2016

Hybrid plasmonic single slot waveguide

0.185

7/2017

Hybrid plasmonic single slot waveguide

0.21

6/2018

MZ modulator in electro-absorption modulation mode

0.3

Ours1/2018

IMI-DSPW

0.486

Ours2/2018

MIM-DSPW

0.525