Table 1 Demographic information and descriptive statistics including means and standard deviations for all participants on each test.
From: Differential impacts of different keyboard inputting methods on reading and writing skills
All | Orthographic-based input method (1) | Pronunciation-based input method (2) | Independent sample t-test (p < 0.05) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | 191 | 94 | 97 | |
Mean age | 20.39 (1.91) | 20.71 (2.26) | 20.07 (1.44) | (1) > (2) |
Gender | F:137 M:54 | F: 66 M:28 | F:71 M:26 | |
Year of study at university | 2.67 (1.18) | 2.98 (1.15) | 2.37 (1.15) | (1) > (2) |
DSE Chinese Overall | 4.85 (1.20) | 4.77 (1.21) | 4.94 (1.19) | |
DSE Chinese Reading | 4.88 (1.52) | 4.78 (1.48) | 4.98 (1.55) | |
DSE Chinese Writing | 4.63 (1.61) | 4.55 (1.67) | 4.70 (1.56) | |
DSE Chinese Listening | 4.90 (1.51) | 4.64 (1.47) | 5.16 (1.52) | (1) < (2) |
DSE Chinese Speaking | 4.47 (1.56) | 4.51 (1.63) | 4.43 (1.50) | |
DSE Chinese Integrated | 5.48 (1.34) | 5.44 (1.36) | 5.53 (1.33) | |
Dictation (MAX = 96) | 64.17 (12.44) | 65.78 (11.89) | 62.62 (12.81) | |
Character reading (MAX = 300) | 267.87 (15.15) | 269.18 (16.38) | 266.60 (13.82) | |
Orthographic task (MAX = 60) | 43.45 (18.87) | 43.31 (4.31) | 43.59 (5.31) | |
Typing speed (smartphone, # words correctly typed) | 60.26 (36.79) | 55.36 (13.18) | 65.01 (22.14) | (1) < (2) |
Typing speed (computer, # words correctly typed) | 65.27 (50.16) | 53.78 (33.07) | 76.40 (36.95) | (1) < (2) |
Overall typing speed | 125.53 (41.54) | 109.14 (40.36) | 141.41 (53.70) | (1) < (2) |
Daily typing time on smartphones (in min) | 66.68 (36.45) | 62.87 (41.35) | 70.36 (41.61) | (1) < (2) |
Daily typing time on computers (in min) | 49.08 (72.42) | 43.09 (36.23) | 54.90 (35.90) | (1) < (2) |
Total typing time | 115.76 (36.72) | 105.96 (72.92) | 125.26 (71.02) | |
Weekly time on hand writing (in min) | 40.45 (37.72) | 39.57 (37.06) | 41.29 (36.55) |
