Table 6 Demographic information and descriptive statistics including means and standard deviations for all participants on each test in Experiment 2.
From: Differential impacts of different keyboard inputting methods on reading and writing skills
All | Orthographic-based input method (1) | Pronunciation-based input method (2) | Independent-Sample T-test (p < 0.05) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | 140 | 60 | 80 | |
Mean age | 20.36 (1.41) | 20.70 (1.25) | 20.11 (1.47) | (1) > (2) |
Gender | F: 98 M:42 | F:43 M:17 | F:55 M:25 | |
Year of study at university | 2.71 (1.20) | 3.08 (1.14) | 2.44 (1.18) | (1) > (2) |
DSE English Overall (1-7, 7 being the best) | 5.16 (1.06) | 5.15 (1.06) | 5.18 (1.08) | |
DSE English Reading | 5.42 (1.22) | 5.43 (1.13) | 5.41 (1.30) | |
DSE English Writing | 5.04 (1.31) | 5.18 (1.32) | 4.93 (1.30) | |
DSE English Listening | 5.11 (1.35) | 5.15 (1.25) | 5.08 (1.42) | |
DSE English Speaking | 5.30 (1.25) | 5.20 (1.20) | 5.38 (1.30) | |
English Word reading (MAX = 300) | 284.91 (14.27) | 282.45 (16.61) | 286.76 (12.01) | |
WJ Word Identification (MAX = 76) | 66.84 (4.43) | 66.12 (4.88) | 67.38 (4.02) | |
WJ Word Attack (MAX = 28) | 24.84 (2.93) | 24.25 (3.34) | 25.28 (2.51) | (1) < (2) |
English Dictation/Spelling (MAX = 96) | 63.46 (11.78) | 62.13 (11.47) | 64.45 (12.00) | |
English Orthographic task (MAX = 60) | 42.64 (5.86) | 41.87(5.49) | 43.23 (6.09) | |
Phonological awareness (MAX = 20) | 14.51 (3.59) | 13.83 (3.59) | 15.01 (3.52) | |
Typing speed in English (smartphone, # words correctly typed) | 57.86 (11.78) | 59.75 (13.85) | 56.44 (9.80) | |
Typing speed in English (computer, # words correctly typed) | 75.38 (21.76) | 78.27 (21.30) | 73.21 (21.98) | |
Daily typing time in English on smartphones (in min) | 76.07 (39.65) | 74.00 (42.77) | 77.63 (37.34) | |
Daily typing time in English on computers (in min) | 75.64 (38.16) | 72.00 (40.10) | 78.38 (36.66) | |
Daily time on English hand writing (in min) | 32.79 (30.94) | 29.50 (26.20) | 35.25 (34.01) | |
DSE Chinese Overall (1-7, 7 being the best) | 4.85 (1.19) | 4.87 (1.14) | 4.84 (1.23) | |
DSE Chinese Reading | 4.90 (1.57) | 4.83 (1.49) | 4.95 (1.64) | |
DSE Chinese Writing | 4.67 (1.58) | 4.82 (1.64) | 4.56 (1.54) | |
DSE Chinese Listening | 4.96 (1.44) | 4.80 (1.29) | 5.09 (1.54) | |
DSE Chinese Speaking | 4.41 (1.58) | 4.43 (1.60) | 4.39 (1.58) | |
DSE Chinese Integrated | 5.48 (1.33) | 5.52 (1.26) | 5.45 (1.40) | |
Chinese Dictation (MAX = 96) | 63.97 (12.71) | 66.15 (11.64) | 62.34 (13.29) | |
Chinese Word reading (MAX = 300) | 267.55 (14.98) | 269.82 (15.08) | 265.85 (14.76) | |
Chinese Word per minute (CWPM) | 57.17 (12.38) | 58.19 (12.08) | 56.40 (12.62) | |
Chinese Orthographic task (MAX = 60) | 43.71 (4.71) | 43.78 (4.03) | 43.66 (5.19) | |
Typing speed in Chinese (smartphone, # words correctly typed) | 60.77 (17.76) | 56.75 (12.69) | 63.79 (20.32) | (1) < (2) |
Typing speed in Chinese (computer, # words correctly typed) | 67.55 (35.72) | 57.92 (32.22) | 74.78 (36.70) | (1) < (2) |
Overall typing speed | 128.32 (47.34) | 114.67 (38.14) | 138.56 (51.08) | (1) < (2) |
Daily typing time in Chinese on smartphones (in min) | 68.57 (41.62) | 69.50 (42.60) | 67.88 (41.13) | |
Daily typing time in Chinese on computers (in min) | 48.43 (35.64) | 46.00 (38.65) | 50.25 (33.34) | |
Total typing time | 117.00 (71.18) | 115.50 (76.30) | 118.13 (67.56) | |
Weekly time hand writing in Chinese (in min) | 40.29 (36.57) | 43.50 (39.22) | 37.88 (34.50) |
