Table 1 Characteristics of the COPD cohort.

From: Metabolomics and transcriptomics pathway approach reveals outcome-specific perturbations in COPD

COPD Gold Stage

PRISm

Gold 0

Gold 1

Gold 2

Gold 3

Gold 4

p-value

Subjects

10

45

10

37

30

17

 

Age (years)‡

60.5 (7.6)

60.4 (9.2)

63.8 (10.6)

62.4 (9.1)

68.2 (6.2)

64.3 (6)

0.0014

Gender, % (M/F) *

20%/80%

51.1%/48.9%

70%/30%

45.9%/54.1%

66.7%/33.3%

58.8%/41.2%

0.1166

BMI (kg/m2)‡

38.1 (17.9)

43.3 (27.9)

55.2 (38.3)

45.1 (23.7)

52.8 (22.3)

57.4 (30)

0.0273

Pack-Years‡

29.1 (6.9)

27.8 (4.9)

26.6 (4.5)

29.9 (5.9)

27.9 (6.5)

24.8 (6.7)

0.3272

BDR

0: 100%

0: 91.1%; 1: 8.9%

0: 60%; 1: 40%

0: 64.9%; 1: 29.7%

0: 70%; 1: 30%

0: 35.3%; 1: 64.7%

0.0001

Current Smoking Status (No/Yes)

50%/50%

68.9%/31.1%

100%/0%

67.6%/32.4%

86.7%/13.3%

88.2%/11.8%

0.0289

Exacerbation Frequency

0: 50%; 1: 40%; 6: 10%

0: 84.4%; 1: 11.1%; 2: 2.2%; 5: 2.2%

0: 70%; 1: 10%; 3: 20%

0: 51.4%; 1: 21.6%; 2: 16.2%; 3: 5.4%; 4: 5.4%

0: 63.3%; 1: 33.3%; 3: 3.3%

0: 52.9%; 1: 11.8%; 2: 11.8%; 3: 17.6%; 5: 5.9%

0.0011

Exacerbation Severity

0: 80%; 1: 10%; 3: 10%

0: 97.8%; 1: 2.2%

0: 100%

0: 78.4%; 1: 16.2%; 2: 2.7%; 3: 2.7%

0: 93.3%; 1: 6.7%

0: 70.6%; 1: 29.4%

0.0634

Total Severe Exacerbations/year

0.2 (0.3)

0 (0)

0 (0.1)

0.2 (0.6)

0.1 (0.3)

1.2 (3)

0.0793

Total Exacerbations/year

0.7 (0.8)

0.1 (0.3)

0.4 (0.7)

0.7 (1.1)

0.7 (0.7)

2 (3.7)

0.0153

Six-minute-walk distance‡

1499.5 (329.8)

1711.8 (328.4)

1509.5 (262.1)

1377.7 (448.8)

1262.6 (234.3)

850.7 (271.2)

<0.0001

Gas Trapping, %‡

8 (8.4)

8.3 (5.6)

25.3 (12.7)

24.2 (16.8)

49.2 (16)

59.9 (12.8)

<0.0001

Emphysema, %‡

0.6 (0.7)

1.4 (1.5)

9.1 (7.9)

6.3 (7)

21 (12.3)

22.1 (9.3)

<0.0001

FEV1/FVC‡

0.8 (0)

0.8 (0)

0.6 (0.1)

0.6 (0.1)

0.4 (0.1)

0.3 (0.1)

<0.0001

FEV1% predicted*

72.1 (5.3)

97.9 (13.4)

87.3 (10.3)

64 (8.5)

40 (5)

22.6 (5.7)

<0.0001

  1. Values are presented as an average with standard deviation in parenthesis unless otherwise indicated as a percentage. All subjects were Non-Hispanic White. Emphysema was defined as percent of lung attenuation voxels below -950 HU; exacerbations were defined as moderate (treated with either antibiotics or corticosteroids) or severe (leading to hospitalization) in the previous year. GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC: forced vital capacity, BDR: bronchodilator response where 0 is reversible and 1 is irreversible, PRISm: unclassified, GOLD 0: healthy, GOLD 1: mild COPD, GOLD 2: moderate COPD, GOLD 3: severe COPD, GOLD 4: very severe COPD. *For categorical covariates, a GOLD stage–specific percentage is given, along with a P value based on a Χ2 test of association. ‡For continuous covariates, a GOLD stage–specific mean is given, along with a P value based on an overall F-test for equality of means.
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