Table 1 The baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters of the enrolled subjects.

From: Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Autophagy-related Proteins Represent Potentially Novel Biomarkers of Early-Stage Parkinson’s Disease

 

PD (n = 32)

Control (n = 28)

p-value

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

Age

64.31

8.49

66.18

12.75

NS

Gender (male/female)

13/19

 

8/20

 

NS

Disease duration (month)

13.03

10.63

   

UPDRS part 3

22.66

6.20

   

Modified H &Y

1.59

0.53

   

PD Subtypes (TD/Mixed/AR)

11/16/6

    

NMSS

28.84

15.60

   

BDI

7.06

6.29

5.86

7.08

NS

MoCA-K

25.03

1.94

25.64

2.02

NS

Lab parameters (serum)

   Hb/Haematocrit

12.93/39.46

1.79/4.43

13.16/39.45

1.19/3.34

NS/NS

   BUN/Creatinine

14.96/0.95

3.89/0.19

15.05/0.90

4.12/0.15

NS/NS

   AST/ALT

21.28/21.56

7.40/14.37

22.74/18.42

7.10/10.92

NS/NS

Lab parameters (CSF)

   Alpha-synuclein (pg/mL)

116.76

34.25

176.60

50.61

<0.01

   Total Tau (pg/mL)

76.87

33.53

104.71

47.72

<0.05

   Phosphorylated tau (pg/mL)

8.80

5.46

9.81

8.55

NS

   Tau ratio

0.18

0.14

0.14

0.16

NS

FP-CIT PET analysis

   Left caudate

3.48

0.94

5.58

0.85

<0.01

   Left putamen

3.73

0.99

4.57

1.06

<0.01

   Right caudate

3.48

1.05

4.69

0.92

<0.01

   Right putamen

3.51

1.08

4.57

1.06

<0.01

   AI, caudate

7.67

7.47

2.87

6.68

<0.05

   AI, putamen

13.75

13.81

3.02

2.44

<0.01

  1. PD: Parkinson’s disease; SD: standard deviation; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; H &Y: Hoehn and Yahr stage; TD: tremor-dominant; AR: akinetic-rigid; NMSS: Non-motor Symptom Scale; BDI: Beck Depression Inventory; MoCA-K: The Korean version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Hb: hemoglobin; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; NS: not significant; FP-CIT PET: [18F] N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β-carbon ethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane PET
  2. Tau ratio is defined as the ratio of phosphorylated tau to total tau.
  3. The AI was calculated as follows: (better uptake - worse uptake)/better uptake * 100.
  4. *Adjusted for age.
  5. Bold: statistically significant difference.
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