Table 1 Participant characteristicsa.

From: Identification of specialized pro-resolving mediator clusters from healthy adults after intravenous low-dose endotoxin and omega-3 supplementation: a methodological validation

 

Study A (n = 6)b

Study B (n = 3)c

Placebo (n = 3; 1M, 2F)

EPA and DHA (n = 3; 2M, 1F)

Placebo

EPA and DHA

Age (y)

24 ± 2 (21–28)

25 ± 0.3 (24–25)

29 ± 1.7 (29–32)

29 ± 1.7 (29–32)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

26.6 ± 0.7 (25.6–28.0)

23.8 ± 2.0 (21.4–27.7)

25.2 ± 2.1 (22.5–29.3)

25.9 ± 2.3 (24.5–30.4)

Systolic blood pressure

121 ± 4 (114–126)

118 ± 3 (114–124)

120 ± 3 (115–124)

119 ± 4 (115–127)

Diastolic blood pressure

77 ± 2 (74–80)

69 ± 6 (58–76)

77 ± 4 (70–85)

72 ± 2 (68–76)

TC (mg/dL)

178 ± 20 (157–218)

120 ± 10 (104–137)

136 ± 15 (111–163)

139 ± 14 (111–157)

LDL-C (mg/dL)

112 ± 15 (90–140)

58 ± 8 (52–67)

72 ± 12 (50–93)

77 ± 14 (52–102)

HDL-C (mg/dL)

46 ± 10 (27–56)

53 ± 6 (41–59)

43 ± 4 (41–50)

49 ± 6 (47–60)

TC:HDL-C

4.2 ± 0.9 (2.9–5.8)

2.3 ± 0.1 (2–2.5)

3.3 ± 0.6 (2.7–4.4)

3.0 ± 0.5 (2.4–4.0)

TG (mg/dL)

97 ± 15 (68–113)

45 ± 4 (41–53)

109 ± 31 (60–166)

66 ± 7 (57–80)

CRP (mg/L)

1.6 ± 0.7 (0.7–3.0)

0.3 ± 0.1 (0.2–0.6)

0.3 ± 0.1 (0.2–0.4

0.2 ± 0.1 (0.2–0.3)

Peak CRP (mg/L)

20.4 ± 1.1 (18.4–22.2)

17 ± 2.1 (14.1–21)

16.3 ± 2.2 (12–19)

14.2 ± 3.2 (9.6–20.2)

TNF-α (pg/mL)

1.6 ± 0.1 (1.3–1.7)

1.5 ± 0.1 (1.4–1.7)

1.0 ± 0.2 (0.7–1.3)

0.8 ± 0.1 (0.7–1.0)

IL-6 (pg/mL)

1.7 ± 0.6 (0.6–2.3)

1.0 ± 0.2 (0.8–1.3)

0.9 ± 0.2 (0.5–1.3)

0.8 ± 0.1 (0.6–1.1)

Erythrocyte fatty acid content (% of total fatty acids)

Linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n6)

13.6 ± 1.04 (12.5–15.6)

12.5 ± 0.52 (11.6–13.4)

12.6 ± 0.29 (12.1–13.0)

12.1 ± 0.61 (11.3–13.3)

Arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n6)

15.7 ± 0.60 (14.9–16.9)

13.8 ± 0.66 (12.8–15.0)

16.5 ± 0.97 (14.7–18.0)

14.4 ± 0.34 (13.9–15.0)

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n3)

0.44 ± 0.05 (0.39–0.55)

2.47 ± 0.71 (1.32–3.77)

0.31 ± 0.06 (0.28–0.37)

2.2 ± 0.09 (2.0–2.3)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3)

3.81 ± 0.82 (2.67–5.39)

7.40 ± 0.80 (5.90–8.66)

3.80 ± 0.58 (3.20–4.94)

6.66 ± 0.16 (6.36–6.89)

Omega-3 index (EPA + DHA)

4.26 ± 0.87 (3.06–5.95)

9.88 ± 1.50 (7.23–12.4)

4.11 ± 0.60 (3.49–5.31)

8.85 ± 0.14 (8.58–9.06)

  1. aValues represent participant characteristics directly prior to low-dose intravenous endotoxin administration and are presented as means ± SEM with ranges in parentheses.
  2. bParallel arm study in which participants received either placebo (0 mg/d EPA and DHA) or EPA and DHA supplementation for 5 months prior to endotoxin challenge. Participants in the EPA and DHA supplementation group received either 900 mg/d or 1800 mg/d.
  3. cCrossover study in which participants received placebo and EPA and DHA (3.4 g/d) supplementation for 8 weeks prior to endotoxin challenge.
  4. Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol; IL-6, interleukin-6; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.
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