Table 1 Comparison of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients versus pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients and healthy controls (HC).

From: Immune cell characteristics and cytokine responses in adult HIV-negative tuberculous meningitis: an observational cohort study

  

TBM

PTB

HC

comparison (p)

42

26

26

TBM vs PTB

TBM vs HC

CSF

blood

blood

blood

sex

N-% male

23 (55%)

12 (48%)

10 (39%)

0.660

0.290

age

year

27 (20–36)

31 (24–43)

37 (24–52)

0.042

0.024

routine haematology counts

   total leukocytes

×109 cells/L

0.216 (0.136–0.430)

10.1 (8.8–12.0)

9.1 (7.6–10.7)

6.9 (5.8–7.5)

0.088

<0.001

   neutrophils

×109 cells/L

0.069 (0.026–0.162)

8.6 (7.1–10.2)

6.4 (5.2–8.2)

4.0 (3.3–4.8)

<0.001

<0.001

   lymphocytes

×109 cells/L

0.138 (0.087–0.251)*

0.8 (0.4–1.2)

1.5 (1.3–1.8)

2.3 (1.8–2.6)

0.005

<0.001

   monocytes

×109 cells/L

0.7 (0.5–1.0)

0.6 (0.5–0.8)

0.4 (0.3–0.5)

0.705

<0.001

   thrombocytes

×109 platelets/L

n/a

267 (229–347)

396 (345–480)

285 (240–326)

<0.001

0.562

flow cytometry results

   total leukocytes

×106 cells/L

68.4 (33.6–146.9)

7217.5 (5608.5–9258.6)

6998.1 (5129.2–8629.9)

4052.1 (3757.1–5058.8)

0.276

<0.001

   CD16+ neutrophils

×106 cells/L

12.0 (2.2–47.9)

6000.8 (4254.4–8167.5)

5011.3 (3434.9–6522.6)

2026.3 (1847.6–2874.9)

0.038

<0.001

   CD16low neutrophils

×106 cells/L

0.5 (0.1–5.1)

113.5 (56.8–268.7)

140.7 (100.9–221.6)

237.7 (139.2–265.8)

0.684

0.101

   CD14++CD16− monocytes

×106 cells/L

1.3 (0.3–3.0)

300.2 (179.7–395.1)

260.9 (181.1–353.0)

124.8 (94.3–168.2)

0.408

<0.001

   CD14++CD16+ monocytes

×106 cells/L

0.2 (0.1–0.5)

7.3 (2.1–15.7)

17.9 (13.0–44.8)

11.1 (5.8–18.9)

0.001

0.118

   CD14+CD16++ monocytes

×106 cells/L

0.1 (0.0–0.3)

1.2 (0.5–1.8)

6.9 (3.5–23.2)

10.2 (2.2–18.0)

<0.001

<0.001

   CD56- NK cells

×106 cells/L

0.8 (0.3–2.4)

5.8 (2.5–9.4)

8.3 (5.5–20.6)

21.8 (14.7–32.7)

0.011

<0.001

   CD56+ NK cells

×106 cells/L

2.7 (1.2–7.6)

48.9 (33.7–86.5)

169.6 (94.8–198.8)

164.2 (120.9–198.1)

<0.001

<0.001

   CD56bright NK cells

×106 cells/L

0.5 (0.2–1.3)

1.8 (0.8–3.4)

4.9 (3.2–6.9)

5.4 (3.9–7.4)

<0.001

<0.001

   MAIT cells

×106 cells/L

0.2 (0.1–0.8)

11.2 (7.6–30.7)

37.6 (12.2–59.4)

85.7 (37.0–134.0)

0.016

<0.001

   NKT cells

×106 cells/L

0.0 (0.0–0.1)

0.4 (0.1–0.8)

0.4 (0.1–1.1)

1.7 (1.3–3.4)

0.969

<0.001

   Vδ2− γδT cells

×106 cells/L

0.2 (0.1–0.6)

6.0 (1.9–11.1)

9.0 (6.4–16.7)

15.2 (7.5–24.8)

0.014

<0.001

   Vδ2+ γδT cells

×106 cells/L

0.4 (0.1–1.5)

6.7 (3.0–15.7)

16.7 (11.4–50.3)

29.5 (14.3–60.4)

0.002

<0.001

   αβT cells

×106 cells/L

25.9 (17.9–44.4)

315.5 (160.7–689.7)

817.6 (705.8–1001.2)

1115.4 (950.2–1255.3)

<0.001

<0.001

  1. Presented are the baseline characteristics of age and sex, routinely obtained cell counts and cell counts by flow cytometry. Comparisons are made by Mann-Whitney U for blood of TBM versus PTB and HC respectively.
  2. *CSF mononuclear cells. Routine CSF leukocyte analysis by Sysmex does not differentiate lymphocytes and monocytes, together categorized as mononuclear cells.
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