Table 3 Immune markers as predictor for 180-day mortality.

From: Immune cell characteristics and cytokine responses in adult HIV-negative tuberculous meningitis: an observational cohort study

 

CSF

Blood

Alive (24)

Dead (16)

p

Alive (23)

Dead (16)

p

Cell counts

   CD16+ neutrophils

9.9 (2.5–47.8)

12.8 (2.0–36.8)

0.912

5481.7 (3912.4–7092.1)

6563.3 (5421.6–8297.8)

0.209

   CD16low neutrophils

0.5 (0.1–3.0)

0.8 (0.0–5.6)

0.890

113.8 (86.8–305.6)

102.1 (42.7–259.3)

0.332

   CD14++CD16− monocytes

1.4 (0.7–3.5)

0.6 (0.3–2.4)

0.151

300.5 (182.8–438.8)

285.7 (179.7–347.9)

0.511

   CD14++CD16+ monocytes

0.2 (0.1–0.5)

0.2 (0.1–0.4)

0.619

6.8 (2.0–16.3)

7.5 (2.5–12.1)

0.886

   CD14+CD16++ monocytes

0.1 (0.0–0.2)

0.1 (0.0–0.3)

0.740

1.1 (0.5–1.7)

1.4 (0.5–1.6)

0.668

   CD56− NK cells

0.9 (0.4–3.6)

0.4 (0.1–1.8)

0.122

6.5 (2.4–9.2)

3.6 (2.7–8.9)

0.568

   CD56+ NK cells

4.8 (2.0–9.7)

1.2 (0.9–3.6)

0.020

61.2 (35.5–79.8)

46.4 (28.1–96.7)

0.627

   CD56bright NK cells

0.7 (0.4-2.0)

0.4 (0.1–0.6)

0.040

2.0 (1.0–3.4)

1.2 (0.8–3.2)

0.361

   MAIT cells

0.3 (0.1–0.9)

0.2 (0.0–0.4)

0.082

12.0 (9.5–36.1)

9.6 (6.6–14.7)

0.077

   NKT cells

0.0 (0.0–0.1)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.246

0.4 (0.2–0.8)

0.4 (0.1–0.5)

0.511

   Vδ2− γδT cells

0.2 (0.2–0.5)

0.2 (0.1–0.4)

0.362

7.3 (2.4–11.2)

5.1 (1.9–11.2)

0.864

   Vδ2+ γδT cells

0.5 (0.2–1.7)

0.3 (0.1–0.8)

0.258

8.3 (3.0–16.8)

6.2 (3.4–15.2)

1

   αβT cells

39.3 (18.5–52.3)

21.1 (14.4–27.8)

0.038

463.8 (182.2–734.0)

284.6 (153.8–447.5)

0.209

Cell activation

   CD16+ neutrophils (CD69)

4.1 (3.4–6.5)

4.6 (3.5–7.8)

0.531

2.3 (2.0–3.2)

2.5 (2.2–3.1)

0.819

   CD16low neutrophils (CD69)

3.2 (2.5–4.0)

3.4 (2.9–4.2)

0.600

3.0 (1.5–19.9)

1.8 (1.3–3.5)

0.493

   CD14++CD16− monocytes (HLA-DR)

21.2 (12.5–28.5)

21.3 (15.2–38.3)

0.544

9.7 (6.6–12.6)

7.2 (6.4–8.7)

0.346

   CD14++CD16+ monocytes (HLA-DR)

23.6 (13.6–36.8)

26.0 (14.7–34.6)

0.627

17.6 (12.1–27.5)

14.3 (6.8–25.9)

0.530

   CD14+CD16++ monocytes (HLA-DR)

15.6 (6.0–26.0)

6.8 (4.5–10.2)

0.162

8.2 (4.3–15.9)

5.4 (2.0–13.8)

0.248

   NK cells (CD69)

9.7 (5.9–17.6)

12.4 (5.0–15.6)

0.785

2.1 (1.4–3.5)

2.0 (1.6–3.5)

0.977

   T cells (CD69)

10.9 (7.0–16.4)

11.5 (9.5–18.4)

0.252

1.2 (1.1–2.0)

1.2 (1.1–1.7)

0.822

  1. Presented are CSF and blood cell counts per microliter cell activation as measured by median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of the indicated activation marker. Comparisons are made by Mann-Whitney U for CSF and blood cell counts and activation markers.
  2. Because of the relatively small sample size and skewed distribution, the robust Mann-Whitney U test was chosen. CSF flow cytometry results were missing for one patient and blood flow cytometry results for two patients. One patient was lost to follow-up before day 180.
Back to article page