Figure 5
From: Mechanical response of dense pedestrian crowds to the crossing of intruders
Smoothed overall displacement amplitudes Δu induced by the cylindrical intruder, for (a) fairly dense crowds (\(\bar{\rho }\approx 3.5\,{\mathrm{ped}/{\rm{m}}}^{{\rm{2}}}\)) of participants facing the intruder and (b) dense crowds (\(\bar{\rho }\approx 4.5\,{\mathrm{ped}/{\rm{m}}}^{{\rm{2}}}\)) of non-anticipating participants facing the intruder. The grey-to-white overlay gives a rough idea of the background noise, due to the pedestrians’ residual motion in the absence of a perturbation and (to a lesser extent) to measurement errors. The dashed red lines delimit the portion occupied by the intruder.
