Table 3 Data taken from the 3D positive ion detector to confirm the lung malignancy.

From: An In-Vitro Study for Early Detection and to Distinguish Breast and Lung Malignancies Using the Pcb Technology Based Nanodosimeter

Parameters/Lung

Without Sample

Normal

Stage 0

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3a

Stage 3b

Stage 4

Amplitude (V)

Range

3.3–3.6

73.1–73.8

75.1–75.6

78.1–78.8

81.2–81.7

82.1–82.8

84.1–84.7

86.3–86.9

Mean

3.57

73.4

75.2

78.4

81.4

82.3

84.5

86.5

б²

0.0045

0.051

0.027

0.047

0.025

0.05

0.041

0.065

б

0.067

0.22

0.16

0.21

0.15

0.22

0.20

0.25

%

—

—

2.45

6.18

10.89

12.12

15.12

17.84

Frequency (Hz)

Range

7.0–7.1

16–16.76

20–21.3

24–25

27–29

33–34

35–36

43.0–43.1

Mean

7.01

16.6

21.15

24.8

28.7

33.8

35.6

43.02

б²

0.001

0.1

0.16

0.17

0.45

0.17

0.20

0.001

б

0.03

0.3

0.41

0.42

0.67

0.42

0.51

0.04

%

—

—

27.41

49.39

72.89

103.61

114.45

159.16

Number of Pulse in 1 s

Range

1–3

579–581

893–895

956–957

1185–1186

2393–2394

2794–2793

3008–3009

Mean

2.8

580.5

894.6

956.7

1185.7

2393.8

2793.6

3008.7

б²

0.36

0.45

0.48

0.21

0.21

0.16

0.24

0.21

б

0.63

0.71

0.67

0.48

0.48

0.42

0.51

0.48

Times

—

—

5.41

6.48

10.42

31.23

38.12

41.82

Rise Time (µs)

Range

179–180

373–375

382–388

400–402

407–410

417–420

421–422

429–430

Mean

179.8

374.5

386.3

401.5

409.2

419.1

421.7

429.6

б²

0.177

0.5

0.98

0.5

0.106

0.14

0.23

0.26

б

0.42

0.71

0.99

0.7

0.103

0.19

0.48

0.51

%

—

—

3.15

7.20

9.26

11.90

12.60

14.71

Fall Time (ms)

Range

0.5–1.0

0.9–1.2

1.3–1.4

1.5–1.6

1.8–1.9

2.1–2.2

2.3–2.4

2.5–2.7

Mean

0.86

1.16

1.39

1.58

1.89

2.19

2.38

2.67

б²

0.03

0.008

0.0009

0.0016

0.0009

0.0009

0.0016

0.0041

б

0.19

0.096

0.032

0.42

0.032

0.0.032

0.042

0.067

%

—

—

19.82

36.20

62.93

88.79

105.17

130.17

  1. NOP – Number of Pulses; б² - Variance; б - Standard Deviation.