Table 1 Main characteristics of the study subjects by gender (n = 17,802).

Number (%)

9,652 (54.2)

8,150 (45.8)

—

Age, years

42.8 (10.8)

42.8 (11.3)

0.895

BMI (kg/m²)

24.5 (3.3)

22.4 (3.3)

<0.001

Waist-to-height ratio

0.51 (0.05)

0.49 (0.06)

<0.001

Body fat percentage, %

21.5 (5.5)

30.1 (6.1)

<0.001

Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)

91.2 (12.2)

83.5 (12.1)

<0.001

Fasting glucose (mmol/L)

5.35 (1.39)

5.12 (0.94)

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.22 (0.97)

4.99 (0.96)

<0.001

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.76 (1.56)

1.08 (0.95)

<0.001

LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.38 (0.85)

3.04 (0.81)

<0.001

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.22 (0.27)

1.47 (0.31)

<0.001

TG/HDL-C

1.63 (2.03)

0.83 (1.13)

<0.001

hsCRP (μg/mL)

2.10 (5.14)

1.44 (3.17)

<0.001

FVC, % predicted

89.8 (12.0)

92.7 (13.4)

<0.001

FEV₁, % predicted

93.2 (12.0)

95.0 (13.4)

<0.001

FEV₁/FVC ratio

86.2 (6.3)

87.9 (6.1)

<0.001