Table 2 Polyunsaturated free fatty acids (ω-3 series and arachidonic acid) in the DHA-based multivitamin treatment and placebo group.

From: Nutritional and lipidomics biomarkers of docosahexaenoic acid-based multivitamin therapy in pediatric NASH

Parameters

DHA-based multivitamin group (n = 27)

Baseline evaluation (T0)

Follow-up (T1)

Mean ± SD

Median

Interval (Min-Max)

P (vs. Placebo arm T0)

Mean ± SD

Median

Interval (Min-Max)

P (vs. DHA arm T0)

ω-3 fatty acids (nM)

ALA

3338.0 ± 1759.7

3245.9

731.7–8678.2

0.11

5049.9 ± 1268.0

4876.2

2793.3–8628.2

0.00

EPA

713.6 ± 353.0

668.0

212.4–1623.5

0.34

663.4 ± 430.1

496.4

221.2–2005.8

0.33

DHA

4524.4 ± 2176.0

4631.3

1808.1–12706.9

0.09

6727.8 ± 3527.8

6167.5

2651.3–15879.3

0.01

Arachidonic acid and metabolites ( nM )

AA

11865.0 ± 3301.7

12338.9

6267.8–17507.5

0.05

9124.6 ± 2599.6

8841.9

5534.1–16580.1

0.00

20-COOH-AA

9.9 ± 6.4

9.0

1.4–30.5

0.03

10.7 ± 6.7

10.5

2.1–30.8

0.34

20-COOH-AA/AA (x 1000)

0.9 ± 0.8

0.7

0.1–4.0

0.02

1.2 ± 0.8

1.0

0.2–3.1

0.10

20-HETE

18.1 ± 6.9

18.3

7.5–31.7

0.49

12.3 ± 3.8

11.8

5.1–23.7

0.00

20-HETE/AA (x 1000)

1.7 ± 0.9

1.5

0.7–4.0

0.15

1.4 ± 0.6

1.3

0.6–2.8

0.14

AA / EPA

19.8 ± 9.0

18.8

6.0–44.6

0.25

17.7 ± 8.5

17.2

6.3–39.8

0.20

AA / DHA

2.9 ± 1.0

2.6

1.3–5.0

0.00

1.6 ± 0.6

1.5

0.7–2.8

0.00

Parameters

Placebo group (n = 15)

Baseline evaluation (T0)

Follow-up (T1)

Mean ± SD

Median

Interval (Min-Max)

Mean ± SD

Median

Interval (Min-Max)

P (vs. Placebo arm T0)

ω-3 fatty acids (nM)

ALA

4130.3 ± 1822.9

3426.0

2563.0–8080.5

4380.3 ± 1764.6

3975.2

2404.0–7785.3

0.37

EPA

659.5 ± 391.2

529.9

169.7–1343.7

519.2 ± 200.2

510.0

286.8–824.9

0.14

DHA

5537.0 ± 1890.5

5490.0

1743.9–8920.3

4885.4 ± 1556.5

4358.3

3089.1–7728.4

0.18

Arachidonic acid and metabolites ( nM )

AA

9911.9 ± 3523.5

9593.8

2997.4–15959.3

9632.5 ± 3214.6

9848.6

5543.5–16451.5

0.42

20-COOH-AA

13.9 ± 4.9

13.3

7.1–21.3

10.8 ± 6.4

8.6

3.6–24.8

0.10

20-COOH-AA/AA (x 1000)

1.6 ± 1.2

1.3

0.7–5.1

1.2 ± 0.7

1.0

0.3–2.6

0.12

20-HETE

18.0 ± 8.2

17.3

6.6–31.8

13.7 ± 6.1

12.5

6.6–24.7

0.08

20-HETE/AA (x 1000)

2.0 ± 1.1

2.0

0.7–4.1

1.5 ± 0.6

1.3

0.6–3.0

0.07

AA/EPA

17.9 ± 6.6

17.9

9.5–28.4

19.7 ± 5.3

20.4

9.9–29.6

0.23

AA/DHA

1.8 ± 0.3

1.8

1.3–2.3

2.0 ± 0.3

2.0

1.6–2.7

0.07

  1. Significant differences were as P values in bold (≤0.05).