Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Effects of oral butyrate supplementation on inflammatory potential of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy and obese males

Figure 2

Effects of 4-week butyrate supplementation on PBMC cytokine responses to monosodium urate crystals. Freshly isolated PBMCs from healthy lean volunteers (Lean) and metabolic syndrome patients (MetSyn) were cultured for 24 hours in the presence of monosodium urate crystals in combination with inflammatory stimuli before and after 4-week supplementation with 4 grams oral butyrate daily. (A) A heatmap shows the mean fold decrease or increase in cytokine production after supplementation in both groups. (B–G) Stimuli-cytokine combinations showing a substantial decrease or increase in panel A are highlighted in separate graphs to show the absolute cytokine values at baseline (BL) and 4 weeks (4 w). Lean n = 10, MetSyn n = 7.

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