Table 4 Association of haplogroup H (H1 and H2) and UK with DR in type 1 diabetes: binary logistic regression adjusting for gender, age, diabetes duration and HbA1c.
OR (95% CI) P-value | No DR vs Any DR | No DR vs NPDR | No DR vs PDR | No DR vs DME | No DR vs CSME | No DR vs sight threatening | NPDR vs PDR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haplogroup H – Type 1 Diabetes | |||||||
Haplogroup H | 0.90 (0.58–1.40) P = 0.652 | 0.92 (0.57–1.48) P = 0.718 | 0.95 (0.53–1.69) P = 0.848 | 0.95 (0.52–1.77) P = 0.881 | 0.79 (0.38–1.63) P = 0.524 | 0.97 (0.58–1.63) P = 0.918 | 0.98 (0.62–1.55) P = 0.924 |
Sex (female) | 1.34 (0.86–2.09) P = 0.199 | 1.30 (0.80–2.10) P = 0.294 | 1.44 (0.79–2.62) P = 0.231 | 1.43 (0.77–2.64) P = 0.255 | 1.54 (0.78–3.17) P = 0.243 | 1.43 (0.85–2.41) P = 0.182 | 0.84 (0.53–1.33) P = 0.453 |
Age | 1.02 (1.0–1.03) P = 0.063 | 1.02 (1.0–1.04) P = 0.011 | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.347 | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) P = 3.81 × 10−3 | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) P = 0.007 | 1.02(1.0–1.04) P = 0.104 | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) P = 0.001 |
Diabetes duration | 1.13 (1.10–1.16) P < 0.0001 | 1.10 (1.07–1.13) P < 0.0001 | 1.14 (1.11–1.19) P < 0.0001 | 1.08 (1.04–1.11) P < 0.0001 | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) P < 0.0001 | 1.13 (1.10–1.17) P < 0.0001 | 1.08 (1.06–1.11) P < 0.0001 |
HbA1c | 1.46 (1.26–1.70) P < 0.0001 | 1.38 (1.18–1.63) P < 0.0001 | 1.54 (1.28–1.86) P < 0.0001 | 1.57 (1.30–1.91) P < 0.0001 | 1.49 (1.19–1.87) P < 0.0001 | 1.52 (1.28–1.79) P < 0.0001 | 1.25 (1.07–1.46) P = 0.004 |
Hypertension | 2.19 (1.30–3.68) P < 0.0001 | 1.61 (0.90–2.87) P = 0.108 | 4.34 (2.24–8.41) P < 0.0001 | 2.60 (1.34–5.07) P = 4.85 × 10−3 | 2.61 (1.19–5.73) P = 0.017 | 2.82 (1.57–5.05) P = 0.001 | 2.21 (1.31–3.73) P = 0.003 |
Haplogroup UK – Type 1 Diabetes | |||||||
Haplogroup UK | 0.80 (0.49–1.32) P = 0.391 | 0.68 (0.39–1.21) P = 0.191 | (0.53–1.91) P = 0.989 | 0.65 (0.31–1.36) P = 0.255 | 0.50 (0.21–1.24) P = 0.136 | 0.88 (0.49–1.58) P = 0.674 | 1.60 (0.93–2.75) P = 0.087 |
Sex (female) | 1.34 (0.86–2.09) P = 0.201 | 1.28 (0.79–2.08) P = 0.311 | 1.44 (0.79–2.62) P = 0.231 | 1.46 (0.79–2.70) P = 0.231 | 1.53 (0.74–3.16) P = 0.251 | 1.43 (0.85–2.42) P = 0.177 | 0.84 (0.53–1.34) P = 0.457 |
Age | 1.02 (1.0–1.03) P = 0.064 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) P = 0.011 | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) P = 0.351 | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) P = 4.17 × 10−4 | 1.04 (1.00–1.06) P = 0.007 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) P = 0.108 | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) P = 0.001 |
Diabetes duration | 1.13 (1.09–1.16) P < 0.0001 | 1.10 (1.06–1.13) P < 0.0001 | 1.14 (1.11–1.19) P < 0.0001 | 1.08 (1.04–1.11) P < 0.0001 | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) P < 0.0001 | 1.13 (1.10–1.17) P < 0.0001 | 1.08 (1.06–1.11) P < 0.0001 |
HbA1c | 1.46 (1.26–1.70) P < 0.0001 | 1.39 (1.18–1.63) P < 0.0001 | 1.54 (1.28–1.86) P < 0.0001 | 1.56 (1.28–1.89) P < 0.0001 | 1.47 (1.17–1.85) P = 0.001 | 1.51 (1.28–1.79) P < 0.0001 | 1.25 (1.07–1.46) P = 0.004 |
Hypertension | 2.22 (1.32–3.75) P = 0.003 | 1.67 (0.93–2.98) P = 0.086 | 4.34 (2.23–8.42) P < 0.0001 | 2.75 (1.40–5.41) P = 0.003 | 2.86 (1.28–6.40) P = 0.011 | 2.85 (1.58–5.13) P = 4.80 × 10−4 | 2.27 (1.35–3.84) P = 0.002 |